High-Level Waste Melter Study Report

Perez, J.M.; Bickford, D.F.; Day, Delbert E.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Lambert, Steven L; Marra, S.L.; Peeler, David K.; Strachan, Denis M.; Triplett, Mark B.; Vienna, John D.; Wittman, Richard S.

doi:10.2172/965722

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A base glass (glass CR1, see Table 1) was formulated to be roughly in the center of the concentration region of glasses expected to be limited by the Cr solubility according to glass volume estimates reported by Perez et al [16] and Kim and Vienna [17]. This paper discusses the oxidation-reduction and phase equilibria in high-chromium glasses equilibrated with air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium phase behavior in a multi-component borosilicate glass melt

Hrma

Vienna

Wilson

et al. 2006

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium phase behavior in a multi-component borosilicate glass melt

Hrma

Vienna

Wilson

et al. 2006

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…It is desirable to have some aluminum in glass to improve its durability; however, too much aluminum can increase the sludge viscosity and glass viscosity and reduce overall process throughput. Chromium has a finite solubility in glass, with excessive amounts causing formation of spinels or eskolaite that can settle in the melter or clog melter pour spouts [Perez et al, 2000]. Aluminum leaching is important to both sites, but chromium removal is important only at Hanford because a higher fraction of the chromium is insoluble in the Hanford sludge than in the sludge at SRS.…”

Section: Aluminum and Chromium Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Liquid Waste Pretreatment Technologies in Solving the Doe Clean-Up Mission

Wilmarth¹,

Bush²

2008

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“…Finally, these physical and chemical properties of aluminum in the waste cause higher overall cost by increasing the facility life cycle and increasing the number of waste canisters produced. Similarly, chromium is a nuisance primarily because it forms crystals in the melter that can settle and interfere with melter performance and throughput, shortening the melter life, or can clog the pour spout [Perez et al, 2001].…”

Section: Statement Of Needmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is desirable to have some aluminum in glass to improve its durability; however, too much aluminum can increase the sludge viscosity, glass viscosity, and reduce overall process throughput. Chromium has a finite solubility in glass, with excessive amounts causing formation of spinels or eskolaite that can settle in the melter or clog melter pour spouts [Perez et al, 2001]. Aluminum leaching is important to both sites, but chromium removal is only important at Hanford because a higher fraction of the chromium is insoluble in the sludge than in the sludge at SRS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum and Chromium Leaching Workshop Whitepaper

McCabe¹,

Pike²,

Wilmarth³

2007

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SummaryA workshop was held on January [23][24] 2007 to discuss the status of processes to leach constituents from High Level Waste (HLW) sludges at the Hanford and Savannah River Sites. The objective of the workshop was to examine the needs and requirements for the HLW flowsheet for each site, discuss the status of knowledge of the leaching processes, communicate the research plans, and identify opportunities for synergy to address knowledge gaps. The purpose of leaching of non-radioactive constituents from the sludge waste is to reduce the burden of material that must be vitrified in the HLW melter systems, resulting in reduced HLW glass waste volume, reduced disposal costs, shorter process schedules, and higher facility throughput rates. The leaching process is estimated to reduce the operating life cycle of SRS by seven years and decrease the number of HLW canisters to be disposed in the Repository by 1000 [Gillam et al., 2006]. Comparably at Hanford, the aluminum and chromium leaching processes are estimated to reduce the operating life cycle of the Waste Treatment Plant by 20 years and decrease the number of canisters to the Repository by 15,000 -30,000 [Gilbert, 2007]. These leaching processes will save the Department of Energy (DOE) billions of dollars in clean up and disposal costs.The primary constituents targeted for removal by leaching are aluminum and chromium. It is desirable to have some aluminum in glass to improve its durability; however, too much aluminum can increase the sludge viscosity, glass viscosity, and reduce overall process throughput. Chromium leaching is necessary to prevent formation of crystalline compounds in the glass, but is only needed at Hanford because of differences in the sludge waste chemistry at the two sites. Improving glass formulations to increase tolerance of aluminum and chromium is another approach to decrease HLW glass volume. It is likely that an optimum condition can be found by both performing leaching and improving formulations.Disposal of the resulting aluminum and chromium-rich streams are different at the two sites, with vitrification into Low Activity Waste (LAW) glass at Hanford, and solidification in Saltstone at SRS. Prior to disposal, the leachate solutions must be treated to remove radionuclides, resulting in increased operating costs and extended facility processing schedules. Interim storage of leachate can also add costs and delay tank closure. Recent projections at Hanford indicate that up to 40,000 metric tons of sodium would be needed to dissolve the aluminum and maintain it in solution, which nearly doubles the amount of sodium in the entire current waste tank inventory. This underscores the dramatic impact that the aluminum leaching can have on the entire system. A comprehensive view of leaching and the downstream impacts must therefore be considered prior to implementation.Many laboratory scale tests for aluminum and chromium dissolution have been run on Hanford wastes, with samples from 46 tanks tested. Three samples from SRS tanks have been ...

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High-Level Waste Melter Study Report

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Chromium phase behavior in a multi-component borosilicate glass melt

Chromium phase behavior in a multi-component borosilicate glass melt

The Role of Liquid Waste Pretreatment Technologies in Solving the Doe Clean-Up Mission

Aluminum and Chromium Leaching Workshop Whitepaper

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