High-Level Waste Melter Study Report

Formulation and Characterization of Waste Glasses with Varying Processing Temperature

“…Figure 2.5 indicates that the decrease of average distance slows down after the number of clusters reaches about 20. The 20 clusters match reasonably well with the number used in previous studies of 17 clusters (Perez et al 2001;Kim and Vienna 2002) and were chosen for the present study. Table A.1 lists the composition of 20 clusters in terms of 63 oxide components that are tracked in the G2 model.…”

“…Shaded cells indicate that the predicted or calculated value is not within the limits. Perez et al (2001). c Based on a constraint of T 1% < 950°C for glasses with T m = 1150°C (Vienna et al 2009).…”

“…Vitrification technology was chosen to treat HLW at the Hanford Site and Savannah River Site (SRS), as well as the low-activity waste (LAW) at the Hanford Site, and it may potentially be applied to other defense waste streams, such as Idaho National Laboratory (INL) tank waste or calcine. Joule-heated melters (JHMs) are being used at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at SRS and will be used at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to vitrify tank waste fractions (Perez et al 2001). …”

Immobilization of Hanford LAW in iron phosphate glasses

“…The US Department of Energy (DOE) currently approves only borosilicate (BS) type glasses for such purposes. However, many nuclear wastes, presently awaiting disposal, have complex and diverse chemical compositions, and often contain components such as phosphates, sulfates, chrome oxide and heavy metals that are poorly soluble in BS glasses [1,2]. Such problematic wastes can be pre-processed and/or diluted to compensate for their incompatibility with a BS glass matrix, but this will increase the wasteform volume and the overall cost for vitrification.…”

Hanford SPA Glasses: Fabrication, Characterization, and Chemical Analysis

“…(a) Calculations were made to estimate the waste loading, composition ranges, and waste-loading limiting properties of HLW glasses for all of Hanford's tanks by Perez et al (2001). This exercise clearly showed that the interim models are inadequate to estimate the waste loading for a large fraction of Hanford HLW glasses for two reasons: (1) the composition region over which optimized glasses were calculated are not within current model validity region, and (2) no model exists for the estimation of T L within the eskolaite (Cr 2 O 3 ) primary phase field.…”