High levels of cathepsin S and cystatin C in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Koçak, İbrahim; Hizmetli, Sami; Taş, Ayça; Karadağ, Ahmet; Zontul, Cemile; Siliğ, Yavuz

doi:10.1111/1756-185x.13840

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The LOD achieved with our sensor is the lowest value com-paring with earlier reports under neutral pH. Further, Pt TPs/GC electrode possess higher catalytic activity than the platinum NPs [49] and other platinum NPs based composite materials for hydrazine. [50,69,70] Selectivity of the sensor towards hydrazine was tested in the presence of variety of biological important mole-cules such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, glucose, uric acid and H 2 O 2 (100 folded excess) and some common ions Na + , NH 4 + , Ca 2 + , NO 2 À , Zn 2 + , K + , Co 2 + and Ni 2 + (500-fold excess) using amperometry technique (Figure 4c).…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Bifunctional Platinum Tetrapods: High‐Performance Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds and Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrazine.

et al. 2019

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Precise engineering of platinum as nanostructured platinum tetrapods (Pt TPs) is achieved via a facile one‐step hydrothermal synthesis using KCl and KBr as structure directing agents. Heavily influenced by its size and shape, Pt TPs exhibits excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability in hydrogenation of nitroarenes and acts as an electrochemical sensor for hydrazine. This enhanced activity is attributed to the surface structure of Pt with high‐index facets.

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Bifunctional Platinum Tetrapods: High‐Performance Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds and Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrazine.

et al. 2019

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“…The pain characteristics also can be variable since they are affected by several distinct factors, such as physical or mental stress, comorbidities, and temperature 1 , 3 , 4 . Besides, although widespread pain is the most common manifestation, patients with the disease also can experience symptoms involving almost all body systems, such as cognitive dysfunction, dyspepsia, and urinary tract disorders, besides other signs that can be difficult to distinguish between other chronic conditions 1 , 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor cortex inhibition as a fibromyalgia biomarker

Pacheco‐Barrios

Lima

Pimenta

et al. 2022

Brain Network and Modulation

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Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common and refractory chronic pain condition with multiple clinical phenotypes. The current diagnosis is based on a syndrome identification which can be subjective and lead to under or over-diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for objective biomarkers for diagnosis, phenotyping, and prognosis (treatment response and follow-up) in fibromyalgia. Potential biomarkers are measures of cortical excitability indexed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, no systematic analysis of current evidence has been performed to assess the role of TMS metrics as a fibromyalgia biomarker. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate evidence on corticospinal and intracortical motor excitability in fibromyalgia subjects and to assess the prognostic role of TMS metrics as response biomarkers in FM. We conducted systematic searches on PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases for observational studies and randomized controlled trials on fibromyalgia subjects that used TMS as an assessment. Three reviewers independently selected and extracted the data. Then, a random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to compare fibromyalgia and healthy controls in observational studies. Also, to compare active versus sham treatments, in randomized controlled trials. Correlations between changes in TMS metrics and clinical improvement were explored. The quality and evidence certainty were assessed following standardized approaches. We included 15 studies (696 participants, 474 FM subjects). The main findings were: (1) fibromyalgia subjects present less intracortical inhibition (mean difference (MD) = −0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.69 to −0.11) and higher resting motor thresholds (MD = 6.90 μV, 95% CI 4.16 to 9.63 μV) when compared to controls; (2) interventions such as exercise, pregabalin, and non-invasive brain stimulation increased intracortical inhibition (MD = 0.19, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.29) and cortical silent period (MD = 14.92 ms, 95% CI 4.86 to 24.98 ms), when compared to placebo or sham stimulation; (3) changes on intracortical excitability are correlated with clinical improvements – higher inhibition moderately correlates with less pain, depression, and pain catastrophizing; lower facilitation moderately correlates with less fatigue. Measures of intracortical inhibition and facilitation indexed by TMS are potential diagnostic and treatment response biomarkers for fibromyalgia subjects. The disruption in the intracortical inhibitory system in fibromyalgia also provides additional evidence that fibromyalgia has some neurophysiological characteristics of neuropathic pain. Treatments inducing an engagement of sensorimotor systems (e.g., exercise, motor imagery, and non-invasive brain stimulation) could restore the cortical inhibitory tonus in FM and induce clinical improvement.

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“…Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal system disease characterized by widespread pain and high levels of sensitivity to pain (1). The pathogenesis of FM has not been fully clarified as yet, but environmental, genetic and immunological factors, as well as central and peripheral mechanisms, are thought to have a role in the pathogenesis (2). Previous studies have attributed FM pathogenesis to central sensitization, suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) may have a role when there are abnormalities in the processing and/or perception of pain (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central sensitization is defined as the erroneous and abnormal response of the CNS to a peripheral stimulus due to neuronal hyperexcitability and hypersensitivity in the central nervous (5). Some chemokines, cytokines and neuromodulators are known to function during postsynaptic and presynaptic processing of a peripheral nociceptive stimulus in the CNS (2). It has been suggested that hyperalgesia and allodynia develop due to increases or inhibition loss in membrane excitability and synaptic activity through reductions or increases in the inhibitor and excitatory neurotransmitters (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Ion Channel Protein (KCNH) Levels in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Taş

Hayta

Karadağ

et al. 2022

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)

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Although there is not yet full clarity of the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM), central sensitization is considered to be responsible. The purpose of this study was to measure the plasma levels of potassium ion channel proteins (human KCNH2, KCNH6 and KCNH7) in FM patients and healthy control subjects. The study sample includes 76 newly diagnosed FM patients and 79 healthy individuals. Venous blood samples were taken to measure the plasma levels of KCNH2, KCNH6 and KCNH7. Pain severity in FM patients was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the STRING v 11 Protein interaction tool. Age, gender and body mass index were seen to be similar in both groups. In comparisons between FM and control groups, KCNH2 plasma levels was found to be significantly lower in the FM group. No significant correlation was found between plasma levels of KCNH2, KCNH6 and KCNH7 protein levels and VAS score of patients with FM. The KCNH2 protein had a high homology score with 9 proteins. The plasma levels of KCNH2 FM patients were found to be lower than those of the healthy control subjects, no difference was determined in respect of the plasma levels of KCNH6 and KCNH7. These results may be of use in guiding future studies on the pathogenesis of FM.

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High levels of cathepsin S and cystatin C in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Bifunctional Platinum Tetrapods: High‐Performance Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds and Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrazine.

Bifunctional Platinum Tetrapods: High‐Performance Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds and Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrazine.

Motor cortex inhibition as a fibromyalgia biomarker

Potassium Ion Channel Protein (KCNH) Levels in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

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