High levels of glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1 predicts a poor prognosis for prostate cancer

Abstract

Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 1 (GLTSCR1) is associated with the progression of oligodendroglioma. However, there has been little study of GLTSCR1 in prostate cancer. In the present study, the association between the expression of GLTSCR1, and the progression and prognosis of tumors in patients with prostate cancer was assessed. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed using a human tissue microarray for GLTSCR1 at the protein expression level and the immunostaining results were evaluated against clinical variables of patients with prostate cancer. Subsequently, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to validate the analysis results at the mRNA level and to study the prognostic value of GLTSCR1 in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry and TCGA data analysis revealed that GLTSCR1 expression in the prostate cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the benign prostate tissues (immunoreactivity score, P=0.015; mRNA levels: cancer, 447.7±6.45 vs. benign, 343.5±4.21; P<0.001). Additionally, the increased GLTSCR1 protein expression was associated with certain clinical variables in the prostate cancer tissues, including advanced clinical stage (P<0.001), enhanced tumor invasion (P=0.003), lymph node metastasis (P=0.003) and distant metastasis (P=0.001). TCGA data revealed similar results, demonstrating that the upregulation of GLTSCR1 mRNA expression was associated with the Gleason score (P<0.001), enhanced tumor invasion (P=0.011), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) and distant metastasis (P=0.002). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that among all patients, high GLTSCR1 expression indicated a decreased overall survival (P=0.028) and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival (P=0.004), compared with patients with low GLTSCR1 expression. Finally, multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of GLTSCR1 was an independent predictor of poor BCR-free survival (P=0.049). The present study suggested that the increased expression of GLTSCR1 was associated with the progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, GLTSCR1 may be a novel biomarker that is able to predict the clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients.

Increased expression of CD81 is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer and increases the progression of prostate cancer cells in�vitro

“…For instance, forkhead transcription factor (FoxM1) functions as an oncogene in the initiation, development, and progression of cancer, and its neoplastic functions can be used as a strong biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (21). In prostate cancer, numerous prognostic biomarkers were also investigated (22)(23)(24). For instance, minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor (MCM10) was revealed to be significantly upregulated in prostate cancer patients, and overexpression of MCM10 promoted cell proliferation and predicted poor prognosis in prostate cancer (25).…”

Overexpression of malignant brain tumor domain containing protein 1 predicts a poor prognosis of prostate cancer

“…A total of five representative fields were microscopically observed (magnification, x400) and the number of positively-stained cells was enumerated. Cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was regarded as positive according to the antibody specification sheet (18). The expression level of MBTD1 in each sample was semi quantitatively scored depending on the staining intensity and percentage of stained cells.…”

GBAF, a small BAF sub-complex with big implications: a systematic review

“…In addition to brain tumors, recent work has elucidated a wider range of cancer associations with GLTSCR1. After it was found that several loci associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness were located on chromosome 19 [ 101 , 102 ], the same chromosome of interest in the aforementioned brain tumor studies, the presence of GLTSCR1 on this chromosome was an indicator for a potential link between prostate cancer and GLTSCR1 [ 103 ]. Indeed, the same study revealed that the expression of GLTSCR1 protein had a striking association with advanced clinical stage, enhanced tumor invasion, and lymph node and distant metastasis in prostate cancer tissue samples.…”

“…Indeed, the same study revealed that the expression of GLTSCR1 protein had a striking association with advanced clinical stage, enhanced tumor invasion, and lymph node and distant metastasis in prostate cancer tissue samples. Interestingly, the authors noted that prostate cancer patients with high expression levels of GLTSCR1 had a significantly shorter life expectancy when compared to prostate cancer patients with lower expression [ 103 ]. Knockout of GLTSCR1 in metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC3 resulted in a noticeable decrease in both colony formation and proliferation in this cell type, and similar effects were observed following GLTSCR1L knockout, suggesting a dependency of PC3 cells on GLTSCR1 and GLTSCR1L [ 27 ].…”