High levels of isocyanic acid in smoke generated during hot iron cauterization

Leanderson, Per; Krapi, Blerim

doi:10.1080/19338244.2019.1593920

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1(c)). Isocyanic acid (HNCO) has been reported in the smoke of burning nitrogen-containing materials, such as biomass, cooking, cigarette smoking, and even light duty diesel vehicle exhaust [54][55][56] . Therefore, the characteristic ions at m/z = 42, 75, 85, and 88 were identified as the ions NCO − , HNCO•O 2 − , HNCO•NCO − and [HCOOHNCO] − , respectively, after the mass-to-charge calibration in Table 1, all of which were relevant to HNCO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and rapid discrimination of cigarette and household decoration material ash residues by negative chemical ionization TOFMS via acid-enhanced evaporation

Liu

Xie

Song

2020

Sci Rep

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temperature on the weathering of gasoline 4 , and even examining potential interference of body products and substrates to the identification of ILRs on worn clothing 10. However, differences in the chromatographic conditions and columns can lead to variations in retention times for ILRs from one laboratory to another, making inter-laboratory comparisons of GC-MS profiles challenging. Furthermore, GC-MS is time consuming, which hinders the rapid information collection for arson investigators. Therefore, many novel analytical methods have been developed for the fast and accurate investigation of ILRs in fire debris 3,11-16. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been employed for real time in-situ analysis and depth profiling, which can provide valuable information about fire debris that is complementary to the classification of the original sample components and combustion residues 11. However, the laser-based spectroscopic techniques require expensive and complicated laser devices, which limits the utility of LIBS in practical applications at fire scenes. Headspace-mass spectrometry electronic nose (E-Nose) was proposed for the analysis of ILRs, including the investigation of fire suppression agents and weathering process on ILs with fast determination capabilities, no solvent and absorbent requirement, and easy operation 12-14,17,18. To solve the problem of GC-MS being time-consuming, a new method using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) without extraction was developed for the fast identification of ILs from substrates 15. Recently, an alternative approach based on the ion mobility spectrometry sum spectrum (IMSSS) from headspace analysis was developed to analyze ILRs in fire debris 16. The results show that IMSSS is capable of fast, objective, and easy interpretation of fire debris data, real-time monitoring, and operation at the fire scene because the devices are portable. However, the fire debris samples have to be kept in the auto-sampler oven for agitation and heating for 20 min leading to time-consuming headspace processing step. Sample preparation is a critical component in the analysis of samples. It is a step that is often scrutinized and challenged by the courts. Along with the analytical methods mentioned above, there are generally sample preparation procedures for extracting and concentrating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from ILRs with complicated substrate materials in fire debris 3,6. The passive headspace concentration with activated charcoal specified by the ASTM E1412 standard is currently the most commonly used method in the United States to isolate and concentrate VOCs from ILRs in fire debris because it is sensitive, easy to conduct, and non-destructive 19. Solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) using Tenax as a sorbent is another commonly used sample preparation technique 8,20. Many new sample preparation techniques have been established, such as headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME) 21 , negative pressure dynamic headspace concentration 22 , and ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate and rapid discrimination of cigarette and household decoration material ash residues by negative chemical ionization TOFMS via acid-enhanced evaporation

Liu

Xie

Song

2020

Sci Rep

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“…The reason as to why 500°C was chosen as the highest temperature was that this was used in a recent study of ICA generated when an animal technician was working in a barn with hot iron cauterization (dehorning). 22 The lowest temperature, 200°C, could easily be reached during cooking, and temperatures during frying and grilling could be in the range of 250°C to well over 300°C. 4,23 The temperature here varies due to types of burner or fuel (gas, electric, coal, other) and technique or type of cooking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isocyanates and hydrogen cyanide in fumes from heated proteins and protein‐rich foods

Leanderson

2018

Indoor Air

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Toxic compounds in cooking fumes could cause respiratory problems. In the present study, the formation of isocyanic acid (ICA), methyl isocyanate (MIC), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was studied during the heating of proteins or frying of protein‐rich foods. Heating was performed in an experimental setup using a tube oven set at 200‐500°C and in a kitchen when foods with different protein content were fried at a temperature around 300°C. ICA, MIC, and HCN were all generated when protein or meat was heated. Individual amino acids were also heated, and there was a significant positive correlation between their respective nitrogen content and the formation of the measured compounds. Gas from heated protein or meat also caused carbamylation in albumin. ICA, MIC, and HCN were also present in fumes generated when meat, egg, and halloumi were fried in a kitchen pan. The levels of ICA were here twice that of the Swedish occupational exposure limit. If ICA, MIC, and HCN in fumes from heated protein‐rich foods could contribute to the risk of airway dysfunction among those exposed is not clear, but it is important to avoid inhaling frying and grilling fumes and to equip kitchens with good exhaust ventilation.

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Comment on “Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review” by M. D. Leslie, M. Ridoli, J. G. Murphy and N. Borduas-Dedekind,Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2019,21, 793

Plehiers

2019

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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High levels of isocyanic acid in smoke generated during hot iron cauterization

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Accurate and rapid discrimination of cigarette and household decoration material ash residues by negative chemical ionization TOFMS via acid-enhanced evaporation

Accurate and rapid discrimination of cigarette and household decoration material ash residues by negative chemical ionization TOFMS via acid-enhanced evaporation

Isocyanates and hydrogen cyanide in fumes from heated proteins and protein‐rich foods

Comment on “Isocyanic acid (HNCO) and its fate in the atmosphere: a review” by M. D. Leslie, M. Ridoli, J. G. Murphy and N. Borduas-Dedekind,Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2019,21, 793

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