HIGH LEVELS OF PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF METAL AND TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN
            <i>PARAMECIUM</i>

Nyberg, Dennis; Bishop, Patricia

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05544.x

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We have previously mentioned the low F 2 -by-autogamy viability of interstock crosses. Nyberg and Bishop (1983) found high levels of variability in heavy metal and temperature tolerance in P. primaurelia and P. triaurelia. Thus, the isozymes and the conventional characters do not reinforce each other.…”

Section: Heterozygosity and Genetic Geography Of Breeding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Fresh collections were analyzed (Nyberg and Bishop, 1983) and large differences were found among stocks of P. primaurelia and P. triaurelia in tolerance to heavy metals. Though the bulk of the Tetrahymena tolerance data were never published, the only case of a between-stocks-within-species difference found was in nickel tolerance in T. sonneborni (Nyberg and Bishop, 1979).…”

Section: Ecological Attributes Associated With Breeding System Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex in Ciliates

Dini

Nyberg

1993

Advances in Microbial Ecology

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Section: Heterozygosity and Genetic Geography Of Breeding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Ecological Attributes Associated With Breeding System Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex in Ciliates

Dini

Nyberg

1993

Advances in Microbial Ecology

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Growth Rates of Marine Ciliates on Diverse Organisms Reveal Ecological Specializations within Morphospecies

Dini

Nyberg

1999

Microb Ecol

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The growth rate of 31 stocks of Euplotes, a cosmopolitan, marine, unicellular protist, on six food species representing two different food types, microalgae and bacteria, has been determined. The 31 stocks represented nine reproductively isolated groups (biological species?) based on breeding relationships. Three morphospecies, E. vannus, E. crassus, and E. minuta, each with both autogamous and cross-breeding breeding groups, were included. The mean number of fissions completed in 5 days of a breeding group growing on one of the six food species varied from zero to 17.06. There is a strong interaction between morphospecies and food type. The largest morphospecies, E. vannus, translates the nutritional content of algae into growth better than it translates that of bacteria, while the reverse is true for E. minuta, the smallest morphospecies. Autogamous breeding groups grow more rapidly on algae than on bacteria when compared to cross-breeding groups in the same morphospecies. Two breeding groups cannot grow on Escherichia coli. ANOVA of fissions completed in 5 days revealed significant main effects and interactions between many hierarchical levels of stocks and food species. These significant interactions indicate that genetically determined ecologically important information is present at all taxonomic levels-morphospecies, breeding system, breeding group, and stock. As all these levels are biologically meaningful, measuring biodiversity in the E. vannus-crassus-minuta complex solely on morphospecies will inadequately represent the ecological diversity present in the organisms and their environment.

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Mutations, evolution and the central role of a self-defined fitness function in the initiation and progression of cancer

Gatenby

Brown

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer

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The origin and progression of cancer is widely viewed as “somatic evolution” driven by the accumulation of random genetic changes. This theoretical model, however, neglects fundamental conditions for evolution by natural selection, which include competition for survival and a local environmental context. Recent observations that the mutational burden in different cancers can vary by 2 orders of magnitude and that multiple mutations, some of which are “oncogenic,” are observed in normal tissue suggests these neglected Darwinian dynamics may play a critical role in modifying the evolutionary consequences of molecular events. Here we discuss evolutionary principles in normal tissue focusing on the dynamical tension between different evolutionary levels of selection. Normal somatic cells within metazoans do not ordinarily evolve because their survival and proliferation is governed by tissue signals and internal controls (e.g. telomere shortening) that maintain homeostatic function. The fitness of each cell is, thus, identical to the whole organism, which is the evolutionary level of selection. For a cell to evolve, it must acquire a self-defined fitness function so that its survival and proliferation is determined entirely by its own heritable phenotypic properties. Cells can develop independence from normal tissue control through randomly accumulating mutations that disrupt its ability to recognize or respond to all host signals. A self-defined fitness function can also be gained non-genetically when tissue control signals are lost due to injury, inflammation, or infection. Accumulating mutations in cells without a self-defined fitness function will produce no evolution - consistent with reports showing mutations, including some that would ordinarily be oncogenic, are present in cells from normal tissue. Furthermore, once evolution begins, Darwinian forces will promote mutations that increase fitness and eliminate those that do not. Thus, cancer cells will typically have a mutational burden similar to adjacent normal cells and many (perhaps most) mutations observed in cancer cells occurred prior to somatic evolution and may not contribute to the cell’s malignant phenotype.

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HIGH LEVELS OF PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF METAL AND TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN PARAMECIUM

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Sex in Ciliates

Sex in Ciliates

Growth Rates of Marine Ciliates on Diverse Organisms Reveal Ecological Specializations within Morphospecies

Mutations, evolution and the central role of a self-defined fitness function in the initiation and progression of cancer

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