High Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α and Interleukin‐1β in Bacterial Vaginosis May Increase Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Sturm‐Ramirez, Katharine; Gaye-Diallo, Aïssatou; Eisen, Geoffrey; Mboup, Souleymane; Kanki, Phyllis J.

doi:10.1086/315713

Cited by 122 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Lactobacillus iners was prominent in all patients posttreatment. Atopobium vaginae concentrations were highest for patients who failed or responded incompletely to treatment and lowest for patients who were cured.Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal irritation and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (4, 13) and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection (14,15). BV results when the normal, predominantly Lactobacillus vaginal flora shifts to one dominated by Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and a variety of anaerobic organisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Changes in Bacterial Vaginosis Flora Following Metronidazole Treatment

Ferris¹,

Norori²,

Zozaya-Hinchliffe³

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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PCR was used to survey bacterial vaginosis flora before and after metronidazole treatment. The species composition for pretreatment patients was variable. Lactobacillus iners was prominent in all patients posttreatment. Atopobium vaginae concentrations were highest for patients who failed or responded incompletely to treatment and lowest for patients who were cured.Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal irritation and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (4, 13) and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection (14,15). BV results when the normal, predominantly Lactobacillus vaginal flora shifts to one dominated by Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and a variety of anaerobic organisms. However, no specific pathogen has been identified, and the cause of BV is unknown (6). Metronidazole is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for treatment of BV, but failure and recurrence rates are high (7). Recent cultivation-independent analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences reveal that there are bacterial genera associated with BV that were not previously recognized, including a metronidozole-resistant anaerobe, Atopobium vaginae (8,9,17,19). We examined the species composition of the vaginal flora of BV patients before and 1 month after metronidazole treatment by using PCR assays directed toward a broad range of bacterial genera and a quantitative PCR assay targeting A. vaginae.Clinical assessments of BV were made just prior to treatment and at 4 weeks posttreatment. All six BV patients in the study met all Amsel criteria (2) and had Nugent scores of Ն4 (12). Treatment was a 0.75% topical metronidazole gel applied once daily for 5 days. The study was approved by the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Vaginal swabs were collected prior to treatment and 30 days posttreatment by using a standard protocol and were stored frozen. To isolate DNA, swabs were agitated in 0.5 ml of molecular-biology-grade water, suspensions were centrifuged, and nucleic acids were isolated from pellets by using an AquaPure genomic DNA kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Primers for quantitative PCR assays of A. vaginae 16S rRNA genes were designed using Primrose (3); primers were 5Ј-GTTAGG TCAGGAGTTAAATCTG-3Ј and 5Ј-TCATGGCCCAGAC C-3Ј. Real-time amplifications were performed on an iCycler (Bio-Rad) using iQ-SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad). Thermal cycling consisted of 95°C for 2.5 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 62°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s; 10 ng of template DNA was used in each amplification. PCR amplification of vaginal DNA using primers targeting conserved regions of the16S rRNA gene were used to generate clone libraries with a TOPO

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confidence: 99%

Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Changes in Bacterial Vaginosis Flora Following Metronidazole Treatment

Ferris¹,

Norori²,

Zozaya-Hinchliffe³

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Increased vaginal concentrations of IL-1␤ have been consistently found in women with BV, and HIV. [27][28][29][30] In vaginal fluid, IL-1␤ was positively associated with IL-8 (CXCL8) a potent chemokine. 29 Both of these proinflammatory cytokines were consistently correlated with the number of vaginal neutrophils, in healthy and BV-positive women.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…29 Both of these proinflammatory cytokines were consistently correlated with the number of vaginal neutrophils, in healthy and BV-positive women. 4,27,29 Though a number of studies have examined vaginal immunity in BV positive women, few investigations have examined the modulation of vaginal immunity by T vaginalis in BVpositive women. A study showed that vaginal discharges of symptomatic trichomoniasis patients had large amounts of IL-8.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modulation of vaginal immune response among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis by Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and yeast

Cauci

Culhane

2007

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Accumulating evidence suggests that microbes associated with BV modulate the immune response [27,31,[33][34][35][36]. Many authors have found elevate levels of interleukin (IL)-1alpha or beta in vaginal secretions of BV-positive women compared to healthy controls [34,[37][38][39][40]. IL-1beta is a member of the IL-1 family, which includes the classical IL-1alpha (IL-1F1) and IL-1beta (IL-1F2) cytokines, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra, or IL-1F3), IL-18 (IL-1F4), and the newly described IL-1F5-11 [41].…”

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confidence: 99%

Local Interleukin-1beta in Pregnant Women with Bacterial Vaginosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Cauci¹

2016

OGIJ

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Objective: To assess if vaginal interleukin-(IL)-1beta in early pregnancy is associated with adverse outcome among BV-positive women.Study Design: 1,806 women were enrolled at <20 weeks' gestation. 800 women were BV-positive (Nugent 7-10), 707 of them had birth outcome data. Vaginal IL1beta concentrations were measured in 105 BV-positive women who had an adverse preterm outcome, including 66 preterm births (20-<37 weeks, of which 52 were spontaneous) and 14 late miscarriages (12-<20 weeks), and in 295 BV controls (term normal birth weight infants). The upper (>66 th percentile) and lower (<33 rd percentile) tertiles of IL-1beta concentrations were compared with the middle tertile (33 rd to 66 th percentile). Results:None of the IL-1beta tertiles was associated with increased risk for any adverse preterm outcome, nor preterm birth and miscarriage with or without exclusion of women with concurrent STDs.Conclusion: IL-1beta is not a risk marker for preterm birth among BV-positive women in early gestation.

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High Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α and Interleukin‐1β in Bacterial Vaginosis May Increase Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 122 publications

References 42 publications

Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Changes in Bacterial Vaginosis Flora Following Metronidazole Treatment

Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Changes in Bacterial Vaginosis Flora Following Metronidazole Treatment

Modulation of vaginal immune response among pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis by Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and yeast

Local Interleukin-1beta in Pregnant Women with Bacterial Vaginosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

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