High Light Acclimation Induces Chloroplast Precursor Phosphorylation and Reduces Import Efficiency

Eisa, Ahmed; Malenica, Katarina; Schwenkert, Serena; Bölter, Bettina

doi:10.3390/plants9010024

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…(6) Transport processes across the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope are adjusted in response to low temperatures (Guan et al ., 2019; Trentmann et al ., 2020). (7) Fine‐tuning of chloroplast protein import contributes to effective plant development and acclimation (Lamberti et al ., 2011; Eisa et al ., 2019a; Eisa et al ., 2019b).…”

Section: Ra2 Metabolism: Metabolic Changes That Promote Acclimation mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our consortium recently showed that S ‐adenosyl methionine and isoleucine – both of which are synthesised in the chloroplast – bind to the highly conserved STY‐specific aspartate kinase–chorismate mutase–tyrA domain, which leads to the inhibition of kinase activity (Eisa et al ., 2019a). In addition, rates of precursor protein import are reduced under high light conditions owing to a decrease in the expression of the STY kinase genes (Eisa et al ., 2019b). In summary, the regulation of chloroplast protein import by phosphorylation of precursor proteins is an interesting but incompletely understood facet of metabolic acclimation to challenging stimuli (process 7 in Figure 2).…”

Section: Ra2 Metabolism: Metabolic Changes That Promote Acclimation mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acclimation in plants – the Green Hub consortium

et al. 2021

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Summary Acclimation is the capacity to adapt to environmental changes within the lifetime of an individual. This ability allows plants to cope with the continuous variation in ambient conditions to which they are exposed as sessile organisms. Because environmental changes and extremes are becoming even more pronounced due to the current period of climate change, enhancing the efficacy of plant acclimation is a promising strategy for mitigating the consequences of global warming on crop yields. At the cellular level, the chloroplast plays a central role in many acclimation responses, acting both as a sensor of environmental change and as a target of cellular acclimation responses. In this Perspective article, we outline the activities of the Green Hub consortium funded by the German Science Foundation. The main aim of this research collaboration is to understand and strategically modify the cellular networks that mediate plant acclimation to adverse environments, employing Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Chlamydomonas as model organisms. These efforts will contribute to ‘smart breeding’ methods designed to create crop plants with improved acclimation properties. To this end, the model oilseed crop Camelina sativa is being used to test modulators of acclimation for their potential to enhance crop yield under adverse environmental conditions. Here we highlight the current state of research on the role of gene expression, metabolism and signalling in acclimation, with a focus on chloroplast‐related processes. In addition, further approaches to uncovering acclimation mechanisms derived from systems and computational biology, as well as adaptive laboratory evolution with photosynthetic microbes, are highlighted.

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Section: Ra2 Metabolism: Metabolic Changes That Promote Acclimation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ra2 Metabolism: Metabolic Changes That Promote Acclimation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acclimation in plants – the Green Hub consortium

et al. 2021

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“…It has been shown that phosphorylation of chloroplast-designated preproteins by cytosolic kinases is one of the key steps ensuring their sorting and specific targeting to this organelle during plastid maturation and stress response in Arabidopsis and pea ( Waegmann and Soll, 1996 ; Martin et al, 2006 ; Lamberti et al, 2011b ; Zufferey et al, 2017 ; Eisa et al, 2019 ; Hristou et al, 2020 ). The serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 8 (STY8), STY17, and STY46 kinases phosphorylate chloroplast preprotein transit peptides ensuring their binding of a 14–3–3 dimer, which enhances association to the TOC receptor located at the outer envelope membrane of the chloroplast ( Martin et al, 2006 ; Lamberti et al, 2011a, 2011b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SnRK2.10 kinase mitigates the adverse effects of salinity by protecting photosynthetic machinery

et al. 2021

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SNF1-Related protein Kinases type 2 (SnRK2) are plant-specific enzymes widely distributed across the plant kingdom. They are key players controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in the plant response to osmotic stress. Here we established that SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10, ABA-non activated kinases, are activated in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes during the early response to salt stress and contribute to leaf growth retardation under prolonged salinity but act by maintaining different salt-triggered mechanisms. Under salinity, snrk2.10 insertion mutants were impaired in the reconstruction and rearrangement of damaged core and antenna protein complexes in photosystem II (PSII), which led to stronger non-photochemical quenching, lower maximal quantum yield of PSII, and lower adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high light intensity. The observed effects were likely caused by disturbed accumulation and phosphorylation status of main PSII core and antenna proteins. Finally, we found higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the snrk2.10 mutant leaves under a few-day-long exposure to salinity which also could contribute to the stronger damage of the photosynthetic apparatus and cause other deleterious effects affecting plant growth. We found that the snrk2.4 mutant plants did not display substantial changes in photosynthesis. Overall, our results indicate that SnRK2.10 is activated in leaves shortly after plant exposure to salinity and contributes to salt stress tolerance by maintaining efficient photosynthesis and preventing oxidative damage.

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“…The average partitioning proportions of stems (62.9 ± 1.9%) in the natural environment were ~7.0% higher than those found in plantations (56.0 ± 4.4%) due to having ~2 m more in average tree total height across the same ranges of D ( Table 1 ). These results might indicate that the natural Korean pine trees obtained lower light intensities compared to those grown in plantations [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. As the “functional equilibrium” theory explained that if the limiting factor is located above-ground, plants will relatively allocate more biomass in shoots (i.e., foliage, branch, and stem), and vice versa if the growth limiting factor is located below-ground [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Functions and Carbon Content Variabilities of Natural and Planted Pinus koraiensis in Northeast China

Widagdo

Dong

2021

Plants

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The population of natural Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in northeast China has sharply declined due to massive utilization for its high-quality timber, while this is vice versa for Korean pine plantations after various intensive afforestation schemes applied by China’s central authority. Hence, more comprehensive models are needed to appropriately understand the allometric relationship variations between the two origins. In this study, we destructively sampled Pinus koraiensis from several natural and plantation sites in northeast China to investigate the origin’s effect on biomass equations. Nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression with weighted functions was used to present the additivity property and homogenize the model residuals in our two newly developed origin-free (population average) and origin-based (dummy variable) biomass functions. Variations in biomass allocations, carbon content, and root-to-shoot ratio between the samples obtained from plantations and natural stands were also investigated. The results showed that (1) involving the origin’s effect in dummy variable models brought significant improvement in model performances compared to the population average models; (2) incorporating tree total height (H) as an additional predictor to diameter at breast height (D) consistently increase the models’ accuracy compared to using D only as of the sole predictors for both model systems; (3) stems accounted for the highest partitioning proportions and foliage had the highest carbon content among all biomass components; (4) the root-to-shoot ratio ranged from 0.18–0.35, with plantations (0.28 ± 0.04) had slightly higher average value (±SD) compared to natural forests (0.25 ± 0.03). Our origin-based models can deliver more accurate individual tree biomass estimations for Pinus koraiensis, particularly for the National Forest Inventory of China.

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High Light Acclimation Induces Chloroplast Precursor Phosphorylation and Reduces Import Efficiency

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Acclimation in plants – the Green Hub consortium

Acclimation in plants – the Green Hub consortium

The SnRK2.10 kinase mitigates the adverse effects of salinity by protecting photosynthetic machinery

Biomass Functions and Carbon Content Variabilities of Natural and Planted Pinus koraiensis in Northeast China

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