High MMP-9 and TNF-α expression increase in preterm premature rupture of membranes

Abstract

<p>Preterm delivery is one of the causes of high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is important for extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and may cause preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as a pro-inflammatory cytokine plays a role in stimulating uterine activity and cervical ripening by degrading the ECM of the amniotic membranes through MMP-9. This study aimed to determine differences between MMP-9 and TNF-α expression of the membranes in preterm delivery with premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and without PROM.</p><p><strong>Method</strong><strong>s</strong></p><p>An analytic observational study with cross-sectional approach was conducted in 24 subjects, who were divided into 2 groups, with 12 subjects in the preterm delivery group with PROM and 12 subjects in the preterm delivery group without PROM. The expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the amniotic membrane was determined by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using the t test.</p><p><strong>Result</strong><strong>s</strong></p><p>MMP-9 expression in the amniotic membrane of preterm delivery subjects with PROM (8.6 ± 3.1%/field) differed significantly with that of preterm delivery subjects without PROM (5.5 ± 2.3 %/ field) (p=0.001). TNF-α expression in the amniotic membrane of preterm delivery subjects with PROM (8.0 ±3.0%/field) also differed significantly with that of preterm delivery subjects without PROM (3,3 ± 1.5%/field) (p=0.000).</p><p><strong>C</strong><strong>onclusion</strong></p>Expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α was higher in the amniotic membrane of preterm delivery subjects with PROM than in preterm delivery subjects without PROM and can thus be used as predictor to avoid PPROM.

Impact of Prematurity on the Buccal Epithelial Cells of the Neonates via Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Apoptosis

“…22 Furthermore, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity was mostly observed in newborns whose mothers had obstetrical complications such as “PPROM/EMR/chorioamnionitis” and “preeclampsia.” The course of these obstetric complications cause increments in inflammatory factors such as biomolecules of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, TNF-α, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). 23 24 Studies have shown that the NF-κB signaling pathway cross-talk with the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. 25 Furthermore, in recent studies, it has been stated that ROS cause stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.…”