High mobility of the channelized ancient Linka rock avalanche within the Bangong - Nujiang suture zone, SE Tibetan Plateau

Zeng, Qingli; Zhu, Jiewang; Liao, Liye; Wei, Ruichao; Ma, Feifei; Ma, Xuping; Yuan, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.105999

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Based on the Eq. 2 (Zeng et al, 2021), the velocity of the avalanche mass at the Q-Q' (Figures 5C, D) was estimated to be 29.9 m/s:…”

Section: Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Compared with rock avalanches in non-glacial environments (Hewitt, 1998;Dufresne et al, 2016Dufresne et al, , 2019Dufresne, 2017;Wang et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Zeng et al, 2019;Wang S. et al, 2020;Zeng et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2022), the sedimentary characteristics of rock-ice avalanches show some differences. For instance, researchers have observed a 0.5-4.5-m deep pit formed by melting ice at the front of the Yigong rock-ice avalanche (Yang et al, 2015), chaotic topography with irregular hills and depressions formed by differential ablation in the Miage Glacier rock-ice avalanche (Deline, 2009), and larger clasts concentrated distally in the Sherman Glacier rock-ice avalanche (Sosio et al, 2008(Sosio et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Geomorphological characteristics and the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche in Yulong Mountain, China

Chen

Chen²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Rock–ice avalanches have increased in recent years due to global warming. On 12 March 2004, a massive failure of rock mass (9.1×106 m3) originated on the south slope of Yulong Mountain in Yunnan Province and eventually formed the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche, with an H/L ratio of 0.4. In this study, the geomorphological characteristics, sedimentary characteristics, and emplacement process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche were analyzed based on remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, and 2D discrete element modeling. This study suggests that long-term effects, including historical seismic effects and freeze–thaw action, were the key factors in the occurrence of this landslide. Interesting landforms and sedimentary structures found in this case, such as lateral ridges, superelevation, and boat rocks, were used to explain the characteristics of the velocity and the thinning spreading process of the avalanche mass. The numerical simulation further revealed that the entire movement of this rock–ice avalanche lasted about 105 s, with a maximum front velocity of 82 m/s. The underlying substrate rather than the ice is considered to have contributed to the hypermobility of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche. The developed fissures, complex topography, and basal friction were determined to control the progressive fragmentation in this case. Meanwhile, the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche was divided into four stages: failure and acceleration, collision deceleration, deceleration spreading, and deformation. The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of the evolution of glacier-related hazards in the high-mountain region.

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“…Based on the Eq. 2 (Zeng et al, 2021), the velocity of the avalanche mass at the Q-Q' (Figures 5C, D) was estimated to be 29.9 m/s:…”

Section: Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geomorphological characteristics and the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche in Yulong Mountain, China

Chen

Chen²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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show abstract

“…Since Heim conducted a series of field investigations and described the hypermobility of the debris flow of the Elm landslide which occurred in Switzerland in 1881 [3], various theoretical models have been proposed to explain the highspeed and long-runout movement mechanism of rock avalanches [4], including the cushion of trapped air [5,6], frictional melting [7][8][9], substrate liquefaction [10,11], dynamic fragmentation [12][13][14], acoustic fluidization [15,16], and momentum transfer motion [17]. However, these hypotheses are still widely debated, due to the rarity of the field evidence [18]. e fragmentation hypothesis proposed by Davies may be the most promising hypothesis at present [19], due to the fact that intense fragmentation is characteristic of rock avalanches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakage Characteristics of Quartz Sand Based on Ring Shear Tests: Implications for the Fragmentation Processes of Rock Avalanches

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2022

Advances in Civil Engineering

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To investigate the effects of internal shear fragmentation on dry granular flow, in this study a series of ring shear tests were performed on quartz sand samples under different normal stresses (100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa), shear displacements (3 m, 5 m, 10m, 15 m, and 20 m), and shear rates (30 deg min−1, 60 deg min−1, and 90 deg min−1). Next, the grain-size distributions, fractal dimensions, and microcharacteristics of the quartz sand before and after the experiments were compared and analyzed. The study results show that grain breakage under shearing preferentially occurs at the edges of the particles and forms a bimodal distribution in frequency grain-size distribution curves, which is consistent with observations of rock avalanches. The fine particles prevent the coarse particles from breaking, in turn leading to the ultimate grain-size distribution and stable fractal dimension (2.61) of quartz sand at relatively small shear displacements compared with the travel distance of rock avalanches. The results of this study suggest that the fragmentation of rock avalanches during the shear spread stage may be far less significant than previously believed. Therefore, the fragmentation effect is not considered to be a major factor of the hypermobility in the late stage of rock avalanches.

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Experimental investigation of the mobility and deposit characteristics of laterally confined rock avalanches

Yang

Pei

Fan

et al. 2023

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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High mobility of the channelized ancient Linka rock avalanche within the Bangong - Nujiang suture zone, SE Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Geomorphological characteristics and the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche in Yulong Mountain, China

Geomorphological characteristics and the kinematic process of the Ganheba rock–ice avalanche in Yulong Mountain, China

Breakage Characteristics of Quartz Sand Based on Ring Shear Tests: Implications for the Fragmentation Processes of Rock Avalanches

Experimental investigation of the mobility and deposit characteristics of laterally confined rock avalanches

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