High–monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations

Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.; Pearson, Thomas A.; Wan, Ying; Hargrove, Rebecca L; Moriarty, Kristin; Fishell, Valerie; Etherton, Terry D.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.6.1009

Cited by 531 publications

(362 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with those previously published for other tree nuts (Rajaram et al, 2001;Hyson et al, 2002) and other MUFA-rich foods (Grundy, 1986;Kris-Etherton et al, 1999a). The present study also demonstrated that a high-MUFA-rich diet had the added benefit of not increasing TAG, as the lowcholesterol diets recommended by the American Heart Association tend to do (Ginsberg et al, 1990).…”

Section: Effects Of Hazelnut-enriched Diet On Plasma Lipid Profiles Ssupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men

Mercanlıgil

Arslan

Alasalvar³

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

105

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Objective: Frequent consumption of nuts is associated with favorable plasma lipid profiles and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men compared with baseline and control diet, and also to measure the anthropometric parameters, habitual physical activities, nutrient intake and endothelial function. Subjects and design: Fifteen hypercholesterolemic men aged 4878 years were recruited voluntarily. A well-controlled, 2-period (P 1 and P 2 ) study design with a total of 8-week was implemented. In the P 1 , subjects consumed a control diet (low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-carbohydrate). During the P 2 , the control diet was supplemented with MUFA-rich hazelnut (40 g/day), which provided 11.6% of total energy content. Anthropometric parameters and habitual physical activities were recorded. Plasma total and HDL cholesterol, TAG, ApoA-1, Apo B, total homocysteine and glucose concentrations were measured. All parameters and measurements were obtained at baseline and end of each 4-week diet period. Results: Body weights of subjects remained stable throughout the study. Compared with baseline, the hazelnut-enriched diet decreased (Po0.05) the concentrations of VLDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B by 29.5, 31.8, and 9.2%, respectively, while increasing HDL cholesterol concentrations by 12.6%. Total/HDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios favorably decreased (Po0.05). Although insignificant there was a decreasing trend for the rest of parameters, particularly in total (5.2%) and LDL cholesterol (3.3%) in subjects consuming a hazelnut-enriched diet compared to that of the baseline. No changes were found in fasting levels of glucose, Apo A-1 and homocysteine between the control and hazelnut-enriched diets. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a high-fat and high-MUFA-rich hazelnut diet was superior to a low-fat control diet because of favorable changes in plasma lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic adult men and, thereby positively affecting the CHD risk profile. Sponsorship:

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Section: Effects Of Hazelnut-enriched Diet On Plasma Lipid Profiles Ssupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men

Mercanlıgil

Arslan

Alasalvar³

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

105

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“…Almonds are low in saturated fatty acids and high in unsaturated fatty acids; 91% to 94% of total lipids are comprised of oleic acid and linoleic acid 29. This fatty acid profile likely contributed to the observed LDL‐C reduction in the current study 30. Furthermore, the CHOC did not change the level of LDL‐C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of Dark Chocolate and Almonds on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled‐Feeding Trial

Lee

Berryman

West

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundConsumption of almonds or dark chocolate and cocoa has favorable effects on markers of coronary heart disease; however, the combined effects have not been evaluated in a well‐controlled feeding study. The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of consumption of dark chocolate and cocoa and almonds on markers of coronary heart disease risk.Methods and ResultsA randomized controlled, 4‐period, crossover, feeding trial was conducted in overweight and obese individuals aged 30 to 70 years. Forty‐eight participants were randomized, and 31 participants completed the entire study. Each diet period was 4 weeks long, followed by a 2‐week compliance break. Participants consumed each of 4 isocaloric, weight maintenance diets: (1) no treatment foods (average American diet), (2) 42.5 g/d of almonds (almond diet [ALD]), (3) 18 g/d of cocoa powder and 43 g/d of dark chocolate (chocolate diet [CHOC]), or (4) all 3 foods (CHOC+ALD). Compared with the average American diet, total cholesterol, non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol after the ALD were lower by 4%, 5%, and 7%, respectively (P<0.05). The CHOC+ALD decreased apolipoprotein B by 5% compared with the average American diet. For low‐density lipoprotein subclasses, compared with the average American diet, the ALD showed a greater reduction in large buoyant low‐density lipoprotein particles (−5.7±2.3 versus −0.3±2.3 mg/dL; P=0.04), whereas the CHOC+ALD had a greater decrease in small dense low‐density lipoprotein particles (−12.0±2.8 versus −5.3±2.8 mg/dL; P=0.04). There were no significant differences between diets for measures of vascular health and oxidative stress.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that consumption of almonds alone or combined with dark chocolate under controlled‐feeding conditions improves lipid profiles. Incorporating almonds, dark chocolate, and cocoa into a typical American diet without exceeding energy needs may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.Clinical Trial RegistrationURL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01882881.

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“…Clinical and biomedical studies have shown that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors can be improved by the isoenergetic replacement of saturated fatty acids (SFA) with -E-mail: k.e.kliem@reading.ac.uk cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the human diet (Kris-Etherton et al, 1999;Mensink et al, 2003). Milk and dairy products are the major source of SFA in the European diet (Hulshof et al, 1999;Henderson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with incremental amounts of conventional or high oleic acid milled rapeseed on milk fatty acid composition in cows fed maize silage-based diets

Kliem

Shingfield

Humphries

et al. 2011

Animal

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Based on potential benefits to human health, there is increasing interest in altering the composition of ruminant-derived foods. Including rapeseeds in the dairy cow diet is an effective strategy for replacing medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cismonounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in bovine milk, but there is limited information on the optimum level of supplementation. Decreases in SFA due to plant oils are also accompanied by increases in milk trans fatty acid (FA) content and it is possible that high oleic acid rapeseeds may result in a higher enrichment of cis-9 18:1 and lower increases in trans FAs in milk compared with conventional varieties. Seven multiparous lactating Holstein-Friesian cows were allocated to one of seven treatments in an incomplete Latin square design with five 28-day experimental periods, to evaluate the effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate (CPO; 41 g/kg diet dry matter, DM) with 128, 168 or 207 g/kg diet DM of conventional (COR) or a high oleic acid (HOR) rapeseed fed as a supplement milled with wheat. Rapeseed variety and inclusion level had no effect ( P . 0.05) on DM intake, milk yield and composition. Both rapeseed varieties decreased linearly ( P , 0.001) milk fat SFA content, which was partially compensated for by a linear increase ( P , 0.001) in cis-9 18:1 concentration. Reductions in milk SFA were also associated with increases ( P , 0.05) in trans 18:1 and total trans FA content, with no difference ( P . 0.05) between rapeseed varieties. Replacing CPO in the diet with milled rapeseeds had no effect ( P . 0.05) on total milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration. Relative to a COR, inclusion of a high oleic acid variant in the diet increased ( P 5 0.01) the ratio of trans-MUFA : trans-polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk that may have implications with respect to cardiovascular disease risk in humans. In conclusion, data indicated that replacing CPO with milled rapeseeds at levels up to 1150 g oil/day could be used as a nutritional strategy to lower milk SFA content without inducing adverse effects on DM intake and milk production. HOR reduced milk fat SFA content to a greater extent than a conventional variety, but did not minimise associated increases in trans FA concentrations. However, the high oleic acid variant did alter the relative abundance of specific trans 18:1, CLA and trans 18:2 isomers compared with conventional rapeseeds.

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High–monounsaturated fatty acid diets lower both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations

Cited by 531 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men

Effects of hazelnut-enriched diet on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic adult men

Effects of Dark Chocolate and Almonds on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled‐Feeding Trial

Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with incremental amounts of conventional or high oleic acid milled rapeseed on milk fatty acid composition in cows fed maize silage-based diets

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