High mortality of Zostera marina under high temperature regimes but minor effects of the invasive macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla

Höffle, Hannes; Thomsen, Mads S.; Holmer, Marianne

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.017

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This is especially important at the southern limit of Zostera marina distribution in North Carolina where water temperatures can exceed the upper limit of the optimum range of the species (25°C) for a high percentage of July and August (Penhale 1977, Thayer et al 1977. Water temperatures above 25°C can significantly reduce photosynthetic rates, increase respiration, inhibit leaf growth, and increase Z. marina mortality (Marsh et al 1986, Nejrup & Pedersen 2008, Hosokawa et al 2009Höffle et al 2011). Large scale loss of perennial Z. marina populations in the Chesapeake Bay was attributed to stressful environmental conditions including water temperatures exceeding 30°C for only a few weeks in 2005 (Moore & Jarvis 2008).…”

Section: Attributes Of a Mixed-annual Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species’ southern limit in the western North Atlantic

Jarvis¹,

Moore²,

Kenworthy³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations located near the species southern limit in the western North Atlantic were assessed monthly from July 2007 through November 2008. We identified (1) dominant life history strategies and local environmental conditions in southern Z. marina populations, (2) quantified differences in reproductive phenology between populations and different local environmental conditions, and (3) compared reproductive strategies to established annual and perennial life history paradigms. Observed populations expressed both life history strategies with one Z. marina population completely losing aboveground biomass and reestablishing from seeds (annual model) while another population retained aboveground biomass throughout the year (perennial model). A third life history strategy, characterized here as a mixed-annual population, was also observed after some seedlings were found to reproduce both sexually and asexually during their first year of growth thereby not conforming to any currently established life history paradigm. Development of multiple life history strategies within this region may be in response to stressful summer water temperatures associated with the southern edge of the species' range. We suggest that neither annual nor perennial life history strategies always provide a superior mechanism for population persistence as perennial populations can be susceptible to multiple consecutive years of stress, and annual populations are unable to fully exploit available resources throughout much of the year. The mixed-annual strategy observed here represents another possible life history model which may provide the mechanism necessary for Z. marina populations to persist during times of environmental transition.KEY WORDS: Zostera marina · Life-history · Annual · Perennial · Seed bank · Biomass Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 444: [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] 2012 populations have also been documented to express behavior similar to the biennial life history model (Setchell, 1929). After germinating, seedling growth in biennial populations occurred via clonal expansion only and flowering stem development and fruiting were not observed until after a period of 1 to 2 yr of growth (Setchell 1929;Thayer et al. 1984). More recently an annual life history strategy has been described for Z. marina populations, where mature plants consist of reproductive (flowering) shoots only and all plants complete their life cycle (seeds germinate, flower, produce seeds) and die within 12 mo (Keddy & Patriquin, 1978, Gagnon et al. 1980, De Cock 1981, Harlin et al. 1982, Phillips et al. 1983a, Robertson & Mann 1984, Santamaría-Gallegos et al. 2000.Although they have been documented throughout the species' geographic distribution, annual forms of Zostera marina are primarily found in areas characterized by stressful environmental conditions such as ice scour (Robertson & Mann 1984), extreme temperatures (Phillips...

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Section: Attributes Of a Mixed-annual Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species’ southern limit in the western North Atlantic

Jarvis¹,

Moore²,

Kenworthy³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…For example, G. vermiculophylla can smother sessile oyster communities and have negative effects on seagrasses, particularly at high temperatures (Martinez-Luscher & Holmer, 2010;Höffle et al, 2011). However, other studies suggest that the introduction of G. vermiculophylla into habitats with little substratum suitable for macroalgal attachment, may increase species diversity (Ruesink et al, 2006;Nyberg et al, 2009;Thomsen et al, 2010;Thomsen, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature- and light-dependent growth and metabolism of the invasive red algaeGracilaria vermiculophylla– a comparison with two native macroalgae

Nejrup

Stæhr

Thomsen

2013

European Journal of Phycology

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To cite this article: Lars Brammer Nejrup , Peter Anton Staehr & Mads Solgaard Thomsen (2013) Temperature-and light-dependent growth and metabolism of the invasive red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla -a comparison with two native macroalgae, European Journal of Phycology, 48:3, 295-308, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2013 We conducted two temperature experiments to investigate the invasion success of the coarsely branched red algae, Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Our working hypothesis was that the coarsely branched G. vermiculophylla, with well-known broad environmental tolerances, would have physiological traits in-between the typical r and K strategies. A factorial experiment provided light-dependent models of growth rate at six temperatures, with maximum growth of 0.045 day -1 at 20°C. Light-saturated growth and maximum light utilization efficiency both displayed a bell-shaped temperature dependency, with optima at 21°C and 23°C respectively. The minimum light required to maintain growth was low (<1 µmol photons m -2 s -1) for lower temperatures (5-20°C) and increased exponentially to 7 µmol photons m -2 s -1 at 30°C, documenting that G. vermiculophylla has a wide tolerance to low light levels under temperature ranges occurring in the upper littoral zone in the Baltic Sea. A second experiment investigated the metabolic acclimation of G. vermiculophylla to four temperatures, while comparing its physiological responses to those of two native species, Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva lactuca. This experiment showed that the optimum temperature for light-saturated photosynthesis increased for all three species as they became long-term acclimated to higher temperatures. Short-term incubation at high temperature (30°C) was suboptimal for all three algal species when grown at low temperatures (10-15°C) but the algae were unaffected when cultured at higher temperatures (20-25°C). Finally we evaluated the capacity of each of the three species for metabolic homeostasis and found that F. vesiculosus and G. vermiculophylla had an almost identical metabolic performance regardless of acclimation temperature, whereas net photosynthesis of U. lactuca increased significantly with growth temperature. Our results show that G. vermiculophylla shares traits with both the slow-growing, leathery F. vesiculosus (K-strategy) and the fast-growing, sheet-like U. lactuca (r-strategy), by combining relatively high growth rates with a robust metabolic response to changing temperatures. In conclusion, we suggest that having both K and r metabolic traits explains, in part, the invasion success of G. vermiculophylla in temperate estuaries.

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“…It has been suggested that lack of recovery of Z. marina in formerly suitable habitats is linked to sensitivity towards sediment resuspension , Delefosse & Kristensen 2012, low light availability (Holmer & Bondgaard 2001), shortterm periods of extreme salinity and temperature conditions (Evans et al 1986, Höffle et al 2011, as well as low ambient O 2 concentrations and elevated benthic H 2 S levels (Mascaró et al 2009, Pulido & Borum 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere O2 dynamics in young Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima

Jovanovic¹,

Pedersen²,

Larsen

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima often share the same habitat, but R. maritima appears more resistant to environmental stress. We investigated the impact of light intensity and water column O 2 concentrations on radial oxygen loss (ROL), in young specimens of Z. marina and R. maritima. Planar optode imaging revealed that ROL of Z. marina was localized to the root tip, while R. maritima showed ROL along extensive root sections. The total root biomass of the 2 species was similar, but, while R. maritima had only 1 root, of which 33% of its length showed ROL, Z. marina had 2 to 5 individual roots, where only 2 to 3 exhibited O 2 leakage, but then only at root tips. ROL resulted in an oxic volume of 4.26 ± 0.51 mm 3 plant −1 for Z. marina and 5.39 ± 0.47 mm 3 plant −1 for R. maritima (n = 3). ROL per plant at light saturation was 2.32 ± 0.30 and 2.89 ± 0.38 nmol h −1 for Z. marina and R. maritima, respectively. These values declined by 71 and 60% in darkness. However, both species were able to maintain ROL as long as ambient O 2 levels remained > 50% air saturation. The calculated ROL integrated over a 24 h cycle was 48.8 ± 10.6 nmol O 2 plant −1 d −1 (n = 3) for R. maritima and 30% less for Z. marina. The ability of R. maritima to maintain higher ROL than Z. marina could be an important feature defining its potential for colonizing and maintaining growth in eutrophic sediments.

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High mortality of Zostera marina under high temperature regimes but minor effects of the invasive macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla

Cited by 66 publications

References 55 publications

Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species’ southern limit in the western North Atlantic

Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species’ southern limit in the western North Atlantic

Temperature- and light-dependent growth and metabolism of the invasive red algaeGracilaria vermiculophylla– a comparison with two native macroalgae

Rhizosphere O2 dynamics in young Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima

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