High Myopia and Diabetic Retinopathy

Bazzazi, Nooshin; Akbarzadeh, Siamak; Yavarikia, Minoo; Poorolajal, Jalal; Fouladi, Daniel Fadaei

doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000001335

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This produced a stronger peripheral retinal defocus and a more effective myopic control 18 , 25 , 26 , and hence, the magnitude of anisometropia was diminished sequentially. In Zhang and Chen’s study, the mean SE of the more myopic eyes was − 5.00 D (which fit the criteria of high myopia 27 ), whilst the average degree of anisometropia was 1.75 D and the inter-eye AL difference was 0.72 mm 18 . In contrast, the representative SE of the higher myopic eyes in our study was comparably milder (− 4.09 D).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

A comparative study of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine for the treatment of anisomyopia in children

Tsai

Wang

Chiu

2020

Sci Rep

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Myopic anisometropia (anisomyopia) is a specific type of refractive error that may cause fusion impairment, asthenopia, and aniseikonia. It is sometimes severe enough to reduce the quality of life. Several studies have investigated the treatment effects of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and topical atropine on anisomyopia control. However, no study has compared these two interventions simultaneously until now. The cohort of this retrospective study included 124 children with anisomyopia who were treated with binocular Ortho-K lenses, 0.01% atropine, or 0.05% atropine. After a 2-year follow-up, the inter-eye difference in axial length (AL) significantly decreased in the Ortho-K group ( P = 0.015) and remained stable in the two atropine groups. When comparing the myopia control effect, the use of Ortho-K lenses resulted in an obviously smaller change in AL than the use of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine ( P < 0.01). Ortho-K treatment may reduce the degree of anisomyopia and stabilise the progression of myopia. Hence, Ortho-K might be a better choice for anisomyopic children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

A comparative study of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine for the treatment of anisomyopia in children

Tsai

Wang

Chiu

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Since diabetics with high myopia have lower retinal VD in the superficial and deep macular retina than the diabetic patients without high myopia, what is the reason why the incidence of DR in the former is lower than that in the latter? Although the exact mechanism(s) underlying a protective anti-DR effect of long axial length is yet to be defined [2, 22, 23], several hypotheses have been suggested: (1) fundus changes in high myopia are often accompanied by thinning and atrophy of the choroidal and retinal tissue, greatly reducing retinal metabolism. Retinal atrophy and choroid thickness reduction may decrease oxygen requirements [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular disease of the retina, which is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes, and a common cause of blindness in the middle age and elderly population [1]. In past clinical experience, we found that diabetics with high myopia had a lower incidence of DR than those without myopia [2][3][4]. A few clinical studies and epidemiological studies showed that high myopia could be a protective factor against DR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Observation of Macular Vessel Density in Type 2 Diabetics with High Myopia

Jia

Fan

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Res

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Introduction: To compare the macular retinal vessel density(VD) of diabetics with high myopia, diabetics without high myopia and healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited type 2 diabetic (T2D) people with no history of ocular treatment in our hospital. Thirty T2D people with high myopia (30 eyes) were included in group A, while 30 T2D people (30 eyes) without myopia were included in group B. Another healthy volunteers (30 eyes) were included in group C. The superficial and deep capillary plexuses VD of macular were measured in all subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In T2D people with high myopia, the correlation between VD in macular regions and baseline data was investigated. Results: ① Overall comparison of the 3 groups: No statistically significant differences in macular central superficial vessel density (SVD) were found in the three groups（P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the temporal, superior, nasal, inferior SVD between the 3 groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in macular central, temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior deep vessel density (DVD) between the three groups (P < 0.05). ② Comparison of B (no myopia, T2D group) and C (healthy control group): Inferior SVD in group B was lower than that in group C (P < 0.05). Temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior DVD in group B were lower than those in group C (P < 0.05). ③ A (high myopia group, T2D) compared with B (no myopia, T2D group), A group compared with C (healthy control group): Temporal, superior, nasal, inferior SVD and DVD in group A were all lower than those in group B and C (P < 0.05), DVD in group B were lower than those in group C (P < 0.05). ④ The mean SVD and DVD were not correlated with age, IOP , anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature but they were negatively correlated with axial length and duration of diabetes in the T2D people with high myopia. Conclusion: Myopia and diabetes are two important factors affecting macular retinal vessel density. Comparing with the eyes of T2D people without high myopia, the VD in macular regions shows a higher decline in the eyes of T2D people with high myopia.

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“…Moreover, our findings may explain an interesting phenomenon. Epidemiological studies have shown that myopia, especially high myopia, is a protective factor for DR. 44 – 46 Retinal hypoxia has been established as a major factor contributing to the development of DR. 47 , 48 Studies have reported that the adjusted flow index of MCP and DCP decreased significantly, while the adjusted flow index of the SCP was unchanged or increased during the progression of DR, suggesting that the deep blood flow status is closely related to the occurrence and development of DR. 23 , 49 The VD of the DCPs is significantly increased in subjects with high myopia, and hypoxia is obvious in DR; therefore, patients with high myopia may have better adaptability to diabetic changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Myopic Eyes

Zhu

Xing²,

Wang

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Characterization of the three distinct retinal capillary plexuses using optical coherence tomography angiography in myopic eyes. Trans Vis Sci Tech. 2020;9(4):8, https://doi.org/10. 1167/tvst.9.4.8 Purpose: To segment and quantify three distinct retinal capillary plexuses using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in myopic eyes. Methods:We analyzed 96 eyes from 62 subjects with myopia (27.76 ± 7.05 years of age) and evaluated 30 normal eyes from 15 subjects (28.33 ± 3.13 years of age) for controls. En face OCTA images generated by AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss; Oberkochen, Germany) were manually segmented by the progressive matching method into superficial, middle, and deep capillary plexuses (SCPs, MCPs, and DCPs, respectively). Estimated positions for each plexus relative to the reference line were calculated. After strict artifact removal and magnification correction, vessel density (VD) and skeleton density (SD) analyses were performed on each capillary plexus.Results: Myopic eyes were divided into three groups according to their degree of myopia. We defined the relative estimated positions of the MCP outer boundary to the retinal pigment epithelium fit layer as MCP = -89.317 -0.178 (central retinal thickness) -0.580 (ganglion cell inner plexiform thickness); the DCP outer boundary was 38.48 ± 6.24 μm below the inner plexiform layer. VDs were significantly higher in the super-high myopia group than in the control and moderate myopia groups for the DCP (all P < 0.05). SDs in the SCPs were significantly lower in the high myopia and super-high myopia groups than in the control groups (all P < 0.001). Conclusions:With progressive matching, we segmented three capillary plexuses and defined the relative estimated positions of each capillary plexus to the reference line in myopic eyes. The VD of the DCP increased for more myopic eyes.Translational Relevance: Our study provides a visual method for OCTA image vascular segmentation for myopic eyes.

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High Myopia and Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract: Using a contralateral eye study design prevented the influence of potential confounding factors inherent in similar previous case-control studies. On this basis, a protective role for high myopia against DR was established.

Cited by 31 publications

References 53 publications

A comparative study of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine for the treatment of anisomyopia in children

A comparative study of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine for the treatment of anisomyopia in children

Clinical Observation of Macular Vessel Density in Type 2 Diabetics with High Myopia

Characterization of the Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Myopic Eyes

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