High northern latitude forest fires and vegetation emissions over the last millennium inferred from the chemistry of a central Greenland ice core

Savarino, Joël; Legrand, Michel

doi:10.1029/97jd03748

Cited by 83 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Past fire events have been detected in Greenland ice from enrichment of ammonium, formate, and oxalate, and the transport of these chemicals to Summit, Greenland, in biomass burning plumes has been documented (Legrand et al, 1992;Dibb et al, 1996;Jaffrezo et al, 1998;Savarino and Legrand, 1998). Acetate and formate also have biogenic sources, which may limit their utility as fire proxies at less remote, continental ice core sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for analysis of vanillic acid in polar ice cores

2015

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Abstract. Biomass burning generates a wide range of organic compounds that are transported via aerosols to the polar ice sheets. Vanillic acid is a product of conifer lignin combustion, which has previously been observed in laboratory and ambient biomass burning aerosols. In this study a method was developed for analysis of vanillic acid in melted polar ice core samples. Vanillic acid was chromatographically separated using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected using electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Using a 100 µL injection loop and analysis time of 4 min, we obtained a detection limit of 77 ppt (parts per trillion by mass) and an analytical precision of ±10 %. Measurements of vanillic acid in Arctic ice core samples from the Siberian Akademii Nauk core are shown as an example application of the method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for analysis of vanillic acid in polar ice cores

2015

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“…These authors also proposed that biomass burning aerosols are present in Greenland snow and ice layers when NH4 + concentrations are higher than 1 nmol g-i. However, Savarino and Legrand [1998] demonstrate that seasonally resolved records often have summertime NH4 + concentrations above 1 nm01 g-l, even without direct inputs from forest fires. Consequently, Savarino and Legrand [1998] Late spring, summer, and fall surface snow NH4 + and nss-K* at Summit are thought to have corresponding origins .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Savarino and Legrand [1998] demonstrate that seasonally resolved records often have summertime NH4 + concentrations above 1 nm01 g-l, even without direct inputs from forest fires. Consequently, Savarino and Legrand [1998] Late spring, summer, and fall surface snow NH4 + and nss-K* at Summit are thought to have corresponding origins . Spikes of nss-K + in the GISP2 record normally occur at the same time as NH4 + spikes, indicating that biomass burning is a predominant source of this ion at Summit .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spring, summer, and fall background levels of NH4* at Summit are primarily derived from mid-latitude to high-latitude continental biological production and diffuse forest fire emissions, while spikes of NH4* normally indicate short-term forest fire inputs from the circumpolar north [Savarino and Legrand, 1998;Legrand and De Angelis, 1996;Whirlow et al, 1994]. Gaseous NH• from both biomass burning and biological production is normally incorporated into submicron acid aerosols and cloud water droplets in the boundary layer and lower troposphere and can subsequently be transported long distances to remote regions (like Summit) [Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between synoptic‐scale transport and interannual variability of inorganic cations in surface snow at Summit, Greenland: 1992–1996

Slater¹,

Dibb²,

Keim³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. To fully utilize the long-term chemical records retrieved from central Greenland ice species in the records need to be better understood. This research examines associations between the variability of surface snow inorganic cation chemistry at Summit, Greenland (collected during 1992-1996 summer field seasons) and changes in air mass transport pathways and source regions, as well as variations in aerosol source strength. Transport patterns and source regions are determined through 10-day isentropic backward air mass trajectories during a 1 month (late May to late June) common season over the 5 years. Changes in the extent of exposed continental surfaces in source regions are evaluated to estimate aerosol-associated calcium and magnesium ion source strength, while forest fire activity in the circumpolar north is investigated to estimate aerosol ammonium ion source strength. During the 1995 common season, 3 times more calcium and magnesium accumulated in the snowpack than the other study years. Also, an increasing trend of ammonium concentration was noted throughout the 5 years. Anomalous transport pathways and velocities were observed during 1995, which likely contributed to the high levels of calcium and magnesium. Increased forest fire activity in North America was concurrent with increased levels of ammonium and potassium, except for 1996, when ion levels were above average and forest fire activity was below average. Because of the ubiquitous nature of soluble ions, we conclude that it is very difficult to establish a quantitative link between the ion content of snow and firn at Summit and changes in aerosol source regions and source strength.

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“…In contrast, the absence of reliable proxy data for isoprene or monoterpene concentrations in the atmosphere presents a severe problem for the evaluation of regional or even global changes in their emissions. Some oxidated compounds, such as formate and acetate, were observed from ice cores (Legrand and De Angelis, 1995;Fuhrer and Legrand, 1997;Savarino and Legrand, 1998), but these compounds are thought to be primarily emitted directly from decomposing material rather than resulting from atmospheric oxidation of terpenoids. However, Legrand et al (2003) attribute part of the formate and acetate from an ice core from the Alps to oxidation of isoprene and α-pinene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes from the Last Glacial Maximum to present

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), such as isoprene and monoterpenes, play an important role in atmospheric processes. BVOC species are oxidized in the atmosphere and influence levels of ozone. The less volatile amongst the BVOC and their oxidation products are important for the formation and growth of secondary biogenic aerosol. In this way, the Earth's radiation balance is affected.Geographic distribution and temporal changes in BVOC emissions are highly uncertain. Here we assessed changes in emission patterns across Europe since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with a dynamic vegetation model. This model reproduces European tree species distribution and includes a process-based algorithm for terpenoid production. In a set of simulations the model was driven with paleoclimate anomalies and reconstructed CO 2 concentrations. We quantified three main driving factors for the changes in emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes since the LGM: (1) the changes in climate, with temperature changes as the most important factor affecting plant physiology and terpenoid production in all plant species, (2) a change in species distribution related to the changes in climate, causing local shifts in emission characteristics of the vegetation, and (3) a change in CO 2 concentration, causing opposing effects on the availability of different substrates for terpenoid production. The effect of atmospheric CO 2 concentration is particularly uncertain, but sensitivity simulations showed an increase in European BVOC emissions in all sensitivity experiments irrespective of the use of a direct inhibition of terpenoid production by CO 2 . The effects of climate change on physiology and terpenoid production resulted in an overall relatively uniform increase of emissions in Europe over the simulation period, Correspondence to: G. Schurgers (guy.schurgers@nateko.lu.se) but regionally the effect of changes in species distribution and the related changes in emission capacities resulted in changes of emissions that can dominate over the physiology effects. This may have consequences for regional atmospheric chemistry simulations for the past, that have to rely on suitable geographic patterns of forest emissions.

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High northern latitude forest fires and vegetation emissions over the last millennium inferred from the chemistry of a central Greenland ice core

Cited by 83 publications

References 53 publications

A method for analysis of vanillic acid in polar ice cores

A method for analysis of vanillic acid in polar ice cores

Relationships between synoptic‐scale transport and interannual variability of inorganic cations in surface snow at Summit, Greenland: 1992–1996

European emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes from the Last Glacial Maximum to present

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