“…Expression of STYK1 (serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1, also known as NOK, a novel oncogene with kinase-domain) is aberrant in many malignancies ( Moriai et al, 2006 ; Jackson et al, 2009 ; Kondoh et al, 2009 ; Orang et al, 2014 ; Chen et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Hu et al, 2018 ). Moreover, overexpressed STYK1 likely stimulates cancer development by sustaining proliferative signaling, leading to abnormal proliferation of cancer cells ( Chung et al, 2009 ; Cao et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2016 ), enhancing the resistance of tumor cells to programmed cell death ( Lai et al, 2019 ; Shi et al, 2019 ), promoting the Warburg effect, remodeling cellular energetics in malignant cells ( Shi et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2017 ), and stimulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during tumor progression ( Liu et al, 2016 ). In addition, a high level of STYK1 downregulates the expression of E-cadherin ( Chen et al, 2005 , 2017 ) and induces EMT via MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling ( Chen et al, 2016 , 2017 ; Wang et al, 2016 ), indicating that STYK1 expression correlates with EMT and metastasis, although the precise mechanisms underpinning this relationship need to be further studied.…”