High occurrence of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in soil sources from Bolívar State, Venezuela

Wagner, Carolina; Reyes-Batllé, María; Hernán, Aurora; Rojas, Elsy; Pérez, Gladymar; López-Arencibia, Atteneri; Sifaoui, Inés; Martínez-Carretero, Enrique; Piñero, José E.; Valladares, Basilio; Lorenzo‐Morales, Jacob

doi:10.1515/ap-2016-0063

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…were identified in 26.9% and 17.3% of soil samples, respectively (8). In addition, the prevalence of Acanthamoeba has been estimated at 26% -51.8% (6,14,15), which is lower than the results of the present study. On the other hand, ReyesBatlle et al (16) reported that 62.5% of soil samples from Gran Canaria, Spain were positive for Acanthamoeba spp., which is similar to our results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Golestani

Rasti

Hooshyar

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Acanthamoeba is one of the most common opportunistic free-living amoebae, with ubiquitous presence in various environmental sources. Pathogenic strains of Acanthamoeba are the causative agents of amoebic keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify Acanthamoeba genotypes in soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water samples from Kashan, Central Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a total of 122 samples from soil (n, 32), hospital dust (n, 40), and stagnant water (n, 50) were collected and examined for the presence of free-living amoebae and Acanthamoeba species. All the samples were cultured onto non-nutrient agar plates for detection of free-living amoebae. Acanthamoeba species was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, using specific primers. A total of 29 Acanthamoeba isolates were sequenced, and different genotypes were detected via sequence analysis. Results:The results showed that 82.8% (101/122) of samples were positive for free-living amoebae. The PCR assay revealed that 62.5%, 52.5%, and 50% of soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water samples were positive for Acanthamoeba species, respectively. Moreover, T4, T5, T2, T7, and T11 genotypes were identified. The most common genotype was T4 (76%), isolated from stagnant water. Conclusions: Acanthamoeba is a prevalent species in the soil, hospital dust, and stagnant water of Kashan. As this protozoon can cause severe infections, health education and improvement of sanitation services are recommended for prevention of infection.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Golestani

Rasti

Hooshyar

et al. 2018

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Of the five Acanthamoeba detected by molecular methods in this study, 4 samples belonged to T4 genotype and only one sample detected as T15 genotype. As the previous studies, T4 is showed as the most prevalent genotype in environmental in the world including Iran (Niyyati and Rezaeian 2015;Wagner et al 2016). As with previous studies, in the current study, T4 and T15 genotypes were reported as the only genotypes isolated in water sources (Niyyati et al 2012;Montalbano Di Filippo et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Thermotolerant Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from recreational water in Gorgan City, north of Iran

Maghsoodloorad

Kareshk

et al. 2019

J Parasit Dis

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Acanthamoeba as free-living parasites are scattered ubiquitously, throughout the world. This study was aimed to evaluate the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. genotypes in the recreational water sources in Gorgan County, the capital of Golestan Province using both morphological and molecular approaches. Thirty water samples were collected from different recreational waters in Gorgan, the capital of Golestan Province, northern Iran during 2015-2016. Samples were filtered and followed by culture in non-nutrient agar. Acanthamoeba were identified both by morphological and molecular analysis. The pathogenical potential of positive cloned samples were also determined using tolerance test. Twenty-six percent of recreational water were identified as Acanthamoeba spp. based on the morphological analysis and from these positive samples, five samples were successfully sequenced after molecular studies. Phylogenetic analysis showed the clustering of four samples in T4 genotype group and only one sample as T15 genotype. Thermotolerance test revealed that all cloned samples were highly positive. Since the attractiveness of recreational places for people is increasing, the potential risk of this water should be monitored routinely in each region. More studies are needed to better evaluate the risk of this ubiquitous parasite for the human.

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“…Contrary to T4, these genotypes have rarely been found associated with AK [12, 27–30]. Furthermore, in South America, genotype T11 has previously been reported only from the environmental samples, so this is the first report of this genotype being isolated from AK patients; it is also the first report of genotype T2 circulating in this area [26, 31–33]. It is worth mentioning that the sequences of genotype T11 reported from the environmental strains in Chile are different from those isolated from AK patients [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic diversity of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from Chilean patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundAcanthamoeba spp. are the causative agents of a severe keratitis occurring mainly in contact lens wearers. The genus comprises more than 24 species that are currently divided into 20 different genotypes (T1-T20) according to sequence variations in the 18S rRNA gene. The objective of this study was to identify the genotypes and sub-genotypes of Acanthamoeba isolates collected at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Public Health Institute of Chile, the only laboratory in the country where Acanthamoeba screening is performed. This is the first report of genotypic identification of clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba in Chile and one of the few in South America.ResultsIn this study, 114 Acanthamoeba isolates from 76 Acanthamoeba keratitis patients, obtained between 2005–2016, were genotyped. T4 was the predominant genotype; T2 and T11 genotypes, which are scarcely reported worldwide, were also identified in Chilean patients (one and two patients, respectively). This is the first report of T2 and T11 genotypes isolated from Acanthamoeba keratitis patients in South America. It is also the first report of the T2 genotype circulating in this continent. Analysis of the diagnostic fragment 3 region of the 18S rRNA gene showed 24 T4 variants, with a predominance of the sub-genotype T4/A, followed by T4/B, T4/G, T4/C and T4/D. Bayesian analysis revealed three groups among the T4 variants: two well supported groups that included 12 and 7 sub-genotypes, respectively, and a weakly supported group that included 5 sub-genotypes. Most of the predominant T4 sub-genotypes belonged to the same group, which included 71.3% of the patients, while some minority variants lied mainly in the other two clusters.ConclusionsT2, T4 and T11 genotypes were predominantly isolated from the Acanthamoeba keratitis patients in Chile. Chilean predominant T4 sub-genotypes, which have also been reported worldwide, formed a separate cluster of the minority T4 variants. This study provides useful information about the predominant genotypes and subgenotypes that would be useful in selecting suitable strains to develop immunological and/or molecular diagnostic assays in Chile.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3302-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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High occurrence of Acanthamoeba genotype T4 in soil sources from Bolívar State, Venezuela

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Environmental Sources in Kashan, Central Iran

Thermotolerant Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from recreational water in Gorgan City, north of Iran

Genotypic diversity of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from Chilean patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis

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