High occurrence of Anisakidae at retail level in cod (Gadus morhua) belly flaps and the impact of extensive candling

Mercken, E.; Damme, Inge Van; Šoba, Barbara; Vangeenberghe, S.; Serradell, A.; Lumain, John Philip Lou; Sterck, T. De; Lalle, Marco; Gabriël, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.fawpar.2020.e00108

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As final comparison, our own study of candling on cod ( Gadus morhua ) belly flaps showed a Se of 34% (26–42%) at retail level 38 . On larvae species level, both the Se and number of larvae recovered were similar for Anisakis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Sensitivity of candling as routine method for the detection and recovery of ascaridoids in commercial fish fillets

Mercken

Damme

Šoba

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Ascaridoids are one of the main parasitic hazards in commercial fish. Candling is the current industrial screening method whereby visible ascaridoid larvae are detected on a light table and manually removed. The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of this method. To make targeted recommendations to the fish industry, the Se was calculated per fish part, larval genus, and fish species. All fish parts (n = 615) were first candled, and larvae were collected, followed by enzymatic digestion to recover the remaining larvae. A fish part was considered positive if at least one larva was detected using candling and/or enzymatic digestion, with both methods combined as reference standard. The overall Se of candling was 31% (95% CI 23–41%) and NPV was 87% (95% CI 85–90%). The Se increased with higher numbers of larvae/100 g infected muscle. A low NPV was found for the belly flaps, therefore we either advise the removal or proper freezing of this part. Lastly, the Se and larval recovery was the highest for the darker and larger Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. Due to the low overall efficacy of candling, further assessment of its cost–benefit and impact on consumers’ health risk should be conducted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In that study, fish were candled prior to our acquisition, therefore an underestimation of the Pseudoterranova spp. was possible 38 . In the current study, the recovery of Pseudoterranova spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of candling as routine method for the detection and recovery of ascaridoids in commercial fish fillets

Mercken

Damme

Šoba

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The larvae may be abundant in wild fish carrying these parasites in various parts of the body including the musculature. Well characterized infections occur in gadids such as hake ( Ceballos-Mendiola et al, 2010 ; Cipriani et al, 2015 ; Pascual et al, 2018 ; Santos et al, 2022 ); blue whiting ( Gomez-Mateos et al, 2016 ; Molina-Fernandez et al, 2018 ) and Atlantic cod ( Yang et al, 2013 ; Mehrdana et al, 2014 ; Severin et al, 2020 ; Mercken et al, 2021 ; Karami et al, 2022 ), scombrids such as mackerel ( Gutierrez-Galindo et al, 2010 ; Abattouy et al, 2011 ; Levsen et al, 2018 ), scorpaenids such as redfish ( Klapper et al, 2015 ), clupeids such as Atlantic herring ( Khalil, 1969 , Smith and Wootten, 1975 ; Tolonen and Karlsbakk, 2003 ; Campbell et al, 2007 ; Bao et al, 2017 ; Mattiucci et al, 2018 ; Guardone et al, 2019 ), anchovies ( Mladineo et al, 2012 ; Cipriani et al, 2016 , 2018 ) and sardines ( Buselic et al, 2018 ), salmonids such as Atlantic and Pacific salmon ( Karl et al, 2011 ; Kent et al, 2020 ) and moronids such as seabass ( Bernardi et al, 2011 ). Aquacultured fish kept in captivity, isolated from the environment and fed by artificial and heated fish feed, devoid of infective larvae, are generally found non-infected ( Levsen and Maage, 2016 ; Penalver et al, 2010 ; Skov et al, 2009 , 2014 ; Gonzalez et al, 2020 ; Castiglione et al, 2021 ; Fioravanti et al, 2021 ; Karami et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location and elimination of Anisakis simplex third stage larvae in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L

Kumas,

Al-Jubury,

Kania

et al. 2024

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…Anisakids have complex life cycles which generally involve cetaceans (mainly for Anisakis ) and pinnipeds (mainly for Contracaecum and Pseudoterranova ) as definitive hosts, fish (and squid for Anisakis ) as paratenic hosts, while planktonic or semi-planktonic crustaceans act as intermediate or paratenic hosts (see review by Mattiucci et al ., 2017 ). Most catches of NEA cod, saithe and haddock are shipped to various European export destinations where especially fresh cod has repeatedly received attention due to findings of nematodes in the products (Mercken et al ., 2020 , 2021 ; Bao et al ., 2021 ). Thus, updated information on the presence and site distribution of anisakid larvae could contribute to better assess and manage the risk inflicted by the occurrence of nematodes in these valuable fish resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakid parasites (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in 3 commercially important gadid fish species from the southern Barents Sea, with emphasis on key infection drivers and spatial distribution within the hosts

Levsen

Cipriani²,

Palomba³

et al. 2022

Parasitology

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Northeast Arctic cod, saithe and haddock are among the most important fisheries resources in Europe, largely shipped to various continental markets. The present study aimed to map the presence and distribution of larvae of parasitic nematodes in the Anisakidae family which are of socioeconomic and public health concern. Fishes were sourced from commercial catches during winter or spring in the southern Barents Sea. Samples of fish were inspected for nematodes using the UV-press method while anisakid species identification relied on sequencing of the mtDNA cox2 gene. Anisakis simplex (s.s.) was the most prevalent and abundant anisakid recorded, occurring at high infection levels in the viscera and flesh of cod and saithe, while being less abundant in haddock. Contracaecum osculatum (s.l.) larvae, not found in the fish flesh, showed moderate-to-high prevalence in saithe, haddock and cod, respectively. Most Pseudoterranova spp. larvae occurred at low-to-moderate prevalence, and low abundance, in the viscera (Pseudoterranova bulbosa) and flesh (Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.s.) and Pseudoterranova krabbei) of cod, only 2 P. decipiens (s.s.) appeared in the flesh of saithe. Body length was the single most important host-related factor to predict overall abundance of anisakid larvae in the fish species. The spatial distribution of Anisakis larvae in the fish flesh showed much higher abundances in the belly flaps than in the dorsal fillet parts. Trimming of the flesh by removing the belly flaps would reduce larval presence in the fillets of these gadid fish species by 86–91%.

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High occurrence of Anisakidae at retail level in cod (Gadus morhua) belly flaps and the impact of extensive candling

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Sensitivity of candling as routine method for the detection and recovery of ascaridoids in commercial fish fillets

Sensitivity of candling as routine method for the detection and recovery of ascaridoids in commercial fish fillets

Location and elimination of Anisakis simplex third stage larvae in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L

Anisakid parasites (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in 3 commercially important gadid fish species from the southern Barents Sea, with emphasis on key infection drivers and spatial distribution within the hosts

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