“…Many arterial injuries are identified intraoperatively or shortly thereafter. 2,3,7,8,[10][11][12][13]18,19,21,24,26,27,30,33 Venous injuries do not always manifest as acutely and can be missed for years postoperatively. 2,4,5,9,13,15,17,31 Late presentations range from asymptomatic to high-output cardiac failure that causes death from an undiagnosed arteriovenous fistula (AVF).…”