High‐Performance and Insensitive DNTF‐DFTNAN Eutectic: Binary Phase Diagram and Characterization

Abstract

In order to hunt for a high-energy and insensitive eutectic, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method was used to investigate the melting process of DNTF-DFTNAN co-molten mixtures with different compositions. Based on the experimental T-x phase diagram, the experimentally extrapolated molar ratio of DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic mixture is 30.1/69.9, which is consistent with the result from the H-x phase diagram, and the eutectic point is about 335.5 K, showing that the addition of DFTNAN can effectively reduce the melting temperature of DNTF. The FT-IR and XRD measurements of raw DNTF, raw DFTNAN and the DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic indicate that no chemical reaction occurred and the structure of crystal doesn't change during the preparation of the eutectic. The thermal decomposition temperatures at different heating rates and the apparent activation energy of eutectic are basically between DNTF and DFTNAN. The drop height (H 50 ) for the DNTF-DFTNAN eutectic increases by 27.4 cm (85.1%) compared with that of DNTF, and the detonation velocity decreases only by 0.5 km/s (5.5 %), implying that the DFTNAN can efficiently desensitize the DNTF explosive with a slight energy loss. In addition, the polynomial equations of mechanical sensitivity and detonation velocity with DNTF content were fitted to adjust the detonation performance and sensitivity of DNTF-DFTNAN co-molten mixture, which provides an opportunity to design DNTF-DFTNAN expected melt-cast explosives.

Study on a Novel Synthetic Route and Properties of 1‐trinitromethyl‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole (TNMNT)

“…where k b is Boltzmann's constant, 1.3806 × 10 À 23 J • K À 1 , and h is Planck's constant, 6.626 × 10 À 34 J • s. Mechanical sensitivity of explosives is a non-negligible aspect of the research field [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. There are several main methods to test explosive sensitivity, such as Castor drop hammer and BAM Fall hammer to test the impact sensitivity of the characteristic drop height.…”

“…Mechanical sensitivity of explosives is a non‐negligible aspect of the research field [18–24]. There are several main methods to test explosive sensitivity, such as Castor drop hammer and BAM Fall hammer to test the impact sensitivity of the characteristic drop height.…”

Exploring the thermal decomposition and detonation mechanisms of 2,4-dinitroanisole by TG-FTIR-MS and molecular simulations

“…It is unsurprising that the use of DNAN to desensitize novel emerging sensitive high-energy density explosives has become very promising. 27,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51] On the other hand, the Evans-Polanyi-Semenov (E-P-S) equation [52][53][54][55][56] describes a relationship between activation energies (E) of many radical reactions and their heats of reaction ðDHÞ: E ¼ B þ a 0 * DH, where B is a constant and can be viewed as a measure of how far a reaction has proceeded along the reaction coordinate when the transition state (TS) is reached. Based on the EPS equation, it was found that for polynitroaromatics, such as TNT and TATB, the activation energy for thermal decomposition is inversely proportional to the heat of detonation.…”

“…It is unsurprising that the use of DNAN to desensitize novel emerging sensitive high-energy density explosives has become very promising. 27,45–51…”

Effects of oxidant molecules on the thermal decomposition of 4,7‐diaminopyridazino[4,5‐c]furanoxane crystal: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations

“…Xiao et al [8] used differential scanning calorimetry to study the reaction process of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofuran-4-yl) furozan (DNTF)/3,5-difluoro-2,4,6-trinitroanisole (DFTNAN) cocrystal explosives and found that the addition of DFTNAN effectively desensitized the DNTF explosive with only a small loss of energy. Kou et al [9] found that the cocrystal explosive of 1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole (MTNP)/DNTF has low mechanical sensitivity and good explosive properties.…”