High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Dual Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) co-Doped Carbon and Graphene-Polyaniline Electrodes

Abstract

We report an asymmetric type hybrid supercapacitor device with ultrahigh-energy density by employing a dual phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon (PNDC) and a graphene (G)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite electroactive electrodes. Dual-doped carbon is synthesized by the microwave assisted technique and G-PANI was synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization technique. An asymmetric PNDC/G-PANI electrodes with ionic liquids (IL) as electrolytes in supercapacitor are found capable of increasing the operating voltage up to 4 V and electrodes with aqueous electrolytes in supercapacitor are capable of increasing the operating voltage up to 2 V. The size-uniform porous nanostructures of PNDC and G-PANI provide a continuous electron pathways and facilitate short ionic transportation process. Further, IL increases the wettability of the electrodes and exhibited ultra-high energy density of 114 Wh/kg and 13.7 kW/kg power density at a 2 A/g current density. Therefore, the asymmetric type hybrid supercapacitor based on G-PANI nanocomposite and microwave assisted PNDC electrodes is a cost effective ultra-high energy density supercapacitor with high rate capability. An energy storage device called "Supercapacitors" or electrochemical capacitors (ECs) attracted extensive attention because of their outstanding properties over other energy storage devices, such as, fuel cells, batteries, and dielectric capacitors. ECs can provide instantaneously higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than dielectric capacitors, and therefore under consideration for applications in transportation, hybrid vehicles, modern electronics, and grid-connected power plants. [1][2][3][4] Even though, high power uptake can be achieved by ECs, the energy densities are significantly lower than rechargeable battery systems, which limit their applications as a main power source.5 Advanced supercapacitors must be developed with higher operating voltage and higher energy density (>100 Wh/kg) without sacrificing power delivery and cycle life for future practical applications. 4 One method of improving energy density is to design asymmetric supercapacitors by combining electrodes of the double layer capacitance with redox capacitance, which can make use of the different voltage windows of two electrodes.6-9 For such type of supercapacitors, one electrode stores charge through a reversible nonfaradaic process of ionic movement on the surface of an activated carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene, 10-12 and other electrode is to utilize a reversible faradaic reaction of electroactive material, such as metal oxides (MnO 2 and RuO 2 ) and conducting polymers (CPs); (a) polyaniline (PANI), (b) polypyrrole (PPy) and (b) poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). 13,14 Maximizing the specific capacitance(C) and cell voltage (V) are the key purposes of fabricating excellent supercapacitors to improvise their energy densities by employing high-reactivity electrode materials and proper electrolytes. Several asymmetric type supercapacito...

Preparation and electrochemical studies of electrospun phosphorus doped porous carbon nanofibers

“…At the same time, the doping of P atoms can also make the electrode material to stand a higher voltage range in the aqueous electrolyte, which can increase the energy density of the supercapacitor. [18][19][20][21][22][23] In addition to the above-mentioned single-atom and diatomic doping, the doping of three-atom heteroatoms has become a hot spot of current research. Wu 24 et al successfully prepared N, F, P ternary heteroatom doped carbon ber materials (NFPC) by electrospinning and annealing.…”

Preliminary study on the performance of a redox capacitor with the use of ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte and polypyrrole electrodes

“…3. One set of peaks may be due to the doping and de-doping of the PPy electrodes [24]. The other redox peaks due to the impurities present in the PPy electrode are getting active at a required potential.…”

Low-Pressure Argon/Hydrogen/Oxygen Plasma Treatment on LiMn2O4 Li-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

“…Capacity contribution of LiMn 2 O 4 Li-HSCs as analyzed using Trasatti method.ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2023 12 043002 P A are respectively calculated using Eqs. 4 and 570 …”