High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon from Hydrothermal Treatment of Glucose and Dicyandiamide

Abstract

A synthetic method was developed for the preparation of N‐doped porous carbon through hydrothermal treatment at controlled temperatures by using glucose and dicyandiamide as precursors and ZnCl2 as an activation reagent. Nitrogen doping was quantitatively determined by using XPS measurements and identified in the forms of pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and pyridinic N+O−nitrogen atoms. Further structural analysis by using SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, FTIR, and BET measurements showed that the N‐doped porous carbons exhibited a microcrystalline graphite structure and a high specific surface area up to 1000 m2 g−1. Electrochemical studies showed that the samples all exhibited a remarkable ORR catalytic activity in alkaline media, which was comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalysts, and the one prepared at 800 °C was found to be the best among the series with an onset potential of +0.96 V, almost complete reduction of oxygen to OH−, and superior methanol tolerance and cycling stability.

Three-Dimensional Multi-Doped Porous Carbon/Graphene Derived from Sewage Sludge with Template-Assisted Fe-pillared Montmorillonite for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…2e, indicates overlapping of porous carbon nanosheets in uneven state. Figure 2f reveals the lattice spacing of Fe-Mt-SS-C is approximately 0.35 nm that is coincident with the reported results about the lattice spacing of graphene, which further proves the formation of graphene-like nanosheets on Fe-Mt-SS-C 41, 42 .

Figure 2( a – d ) FE-SEM images of SS-C, Fe-SS-C, Mt-SS-C and Fe-Mt-SS-C, respectively. ( e ) TEM image of Fe-Mt-SS-C. ( f ) HR-TEM image of Fe-Mt-SS-C.

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Nitrogen-doped carbon sheets derived from chitin as non-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution

“…1A). 17 After cooling the excess zinc chloride present in the carbonized material was leached out by immersing in 1 mol/L HCl solution or 6 mol/L HCl and magnetic stirring for about 24 h in an oven at 80℃. Then the materials were extensively washed with water to get rid of traces of HCl and ZnCl 2 , filtered and dried at 105 ºC.…”

An Aza-Fused π-Conjugated Microporous Framework Catalyzes the Production of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…When these materials are doped with nitrogen, their ORR activity improves, but increasing their selectivity towards the formation of water. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Computational results suggest that the ORR activity of these materials depends on the specific location of the nitrogen-dopants, [18][19] In a pair of previous works, [20][21] the role played by different forms of nitrogen-dopants in the activation of the molecular oxygen on graphitic materials has been elucidated. The need of destabilized carbons and available charge, and the role played by the hydrogenation of pyridinic nitrogendopants and the solvation effect was established.…”