High performance, environmentally benign and integratable Zn//MnO₂microbatteries

Abstract

A Zn//MnO2micro-battery cell can power a light-emitting diode (LED) and share the same fabrication platform with many flexible electronic devices.

3D CNTs Networks Enable MnO2 Cathodes with High Capacity and Superior Rate Capability for Flexible Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 Batteries

“…Promising long‐term cycling stability of the device was also witnessed by a high capacity retention of more than 77.0% with an ultraslow capacity decay rate (only 0.046% per cycle) and high Coulombic efficiency (always near 100%) after 500 cycles at a high current density of 5.4 A g −1 (Figure c). Also, more than 67% of its initial capacity was still remained even the cyclic number extended to 1000 cycles, surpass most of the reported flexible quasisolid‐state Zn–MnO 2 batteries . More importantly, our device with superb mechanical property could function normally even under bent and twisted conditions with little variation from the discharge curves (Figure d).…”

“…Importantly, both CMOP and CMO cathodes can be mechanically recovered by replenishing the Zn anodes at the 1001st cycle. The CMOP cathode could finally achieve good capacity retention of 81.3% after 2000 cycles, typically higher than that of CMOP cathode (12.0% after 2000 cycles) and also superior to most of the reported MnO 2 based cathodes . Such outstanding electrochemical performances are assigned to the following: i) Cs providing 3D electronic transport channels are favorable for fast ionic motion, thus successfully solve the sluggish reaction mechanism between MnO 2 and Zn 2+ , leading to the high specific capacity and good rate capability of the CMOP electrode.…”

Zinc based micro‐electrochemical energy storage devices: Present status and future perspective

“…Copyright 2013 and 2019, Elsevier. “Zn//Ag MBs,” “Zn//Br 2 MBs,” “Zn//ZnHCF@MnO 2 MBs,” “Zn//MnO x @PPy MBs,” and “Zn//V 2 O 5 @TiN MBs,” reproduced with permission 37‐42 . Copyright 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…Furthermore, high capacity retention was manifested with 83% and 90% after 300 cycles for LiMn 2 O 4 and LiFePO 4 , respectively, while the Zn//LiMn 2 O 4 MBs delivered a reversible capacity of 71.1 mAh/g at 20 mA/g. Afterward, the environmentally benign Zn//MnO 2 MBs 41 assembled with 3D MnO 2 @nickel nanocone arrays (NCAs) cathode and Zn@NCAs anode, were reported with an appealing capacity of 535 mAh/cm 3 ·at 1 C, together with superb volumetric energy density of 713 mWh/cm 3 and power density of 16.214 W/cm 3 (Figure 4B). Kumar et al 74 printed the stretchable Zn//Ag 2 O MBs (Figure 4C) by incorporating polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene‐block‐polystyrene as binder for homemade inks, leading to the assembly of all‐printed Zn//Ag 2 O MBs with a reversible areal capacity of 2.5 mAh/cm 2 even after 100% stretching.…”

“…D, Schematic illustration of the fabrication process for Zn//MnO x @PPy MBs. B,D, Reproduced with permission 41,77 . Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”