High-performance functional nanocomposites using 3D ordered and continuous nanostructures generated from proximity-field nanopatterning

Ahn, Changui; Park, Junyong; Cho, Donghwi; Hyun, Gayea; Ham, Youngjin; Kim, Ki-Sun; Nam, Sang‐Hyeon; Bae, Gwangmin; Lee, Kisung; Shim, Young‐Seok; Ang, Jade Nadine S.; Jeon, Seungwon

doi:10.1088/2631-6331/ab3692

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Nanopatterning is a process to introduce nanoscale texture and patterns typically onto the membrane; it uses techniques such as proximity field patterning (PnP) and lithography, among many others. [ 493,494 ] Nanopatterning can lead to a significant increase in surface area and control over porosity and PSD in CLs, resulting in highly engineered structures. [ 493,494 ] These techniques can be used to benefit water management within the CL and overall fuel cell performance, but can result in higher hydrogen cross‐over due to the induced mechanical thinning of the membrane.…”

Section: Catalyst Layer Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 493,494 ] Nanopatterning can lead to a significant increase in surface area and control over porosity and PSD in CLs, resulting in highly engineered structures. [ 493,494 ] These techniques can be used to benefit water management within the CL and overall fuel cell performance, but can result in higher hydrogen cross‐over due to the induced mechanical thinning of the membrane. [ 494 ] Nanopatterning is a potential tool for nanoengineering CLs, but further research is required to determine the optimum pore distribution and porosity without disturbing membrane or CL integrity.…”

Section: Catalyst Layer Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Catalyst Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Review of Design, Materials, and Methods

Suter

Smith

Hack

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

134

115

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Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are a promising replacement for the fossil fuel–dependent automotive and energy sectors. They have become increasingly commercialized in the last decade; however, significant limitations on durability and performance limit their commercial uptake. Catalyst layer (CL) design is commonly reported to impact device power density and durability; although, a consensus is rarely reached due to differences in testing conditions, experimental design, and types of data reported. This is further exacerbated by aspects of CL design such as catalyst support, proton conduction, catalyst, fabrication, and morphology, being significantly interdependent; hence, a wider appreciation is required in order to optimize performance, improve durability, and reduce costs. Here, the cutting‐edge research within the field of PEFCs is reviewed, investigating the effect of different manufacturing techniques, electrolyte distribution, support materials, surface chemistries, and total porosity on power density and durability. These are critically appraised from an applied perspective to inform the most relevant and promising pathways to make and test commercially viable cells. This holistic view of the competing aspects of CL design and preparation will facilitate the development of optimized CLs, especially the incorporation of novel catalyst support materials.

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Section: Catalyst Layer Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Layer Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Catalyst Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Review of Design, Materials, and Methods

Suter

Smith

Hack

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

134

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It should be mentioned that the material substitution from a 3D polymeric template into ceramic, metal, and organic functional materials through atomic layer deposition [84-87, 89, 91, 95, 98], electroplating [60,83,88,93], and infiltration [40,53], respectively, can be used to expand the technical functionality during this 3D nanofabrication process. In-depth case studies, however, were described in previous papers [30,62,64], and details of the unconventional 3D nanopatterning are focused in this review article. Note again that, the key to extending a large area up to the realistic bulk scale is to ensure the homogeneity of the phase mask, which minimizes the structural defects over the entire area.…”

Section: Realization Of Large-area 3d Nanopatternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2004, PDMS-based phase shift lithography expanded into a three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterning regime [27][28][29][30]. The motivation was partly due to the need for a well-ordered 3D nanostructure for a photonic bandgap material and mostly from the demand for sophisticated nano-architectures for functional nanomaterials which have recently been referred to as metamaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, several review articles covering the progress and achievements of PnP technology have been reported. Previous review articles can be divided into three categories: 1) a general overview of PnP [28,29], 2) material conversion strategies for 3D nanostructures patterned using PnP [61,62] and 3) specific applications of functional 3D nanostructures such as nanocomposites [30], thermoelectric materials [63], soft electronic applications [64], photocatalysts [65], and ceramic materials [66]. These studies are mainly focused on the applications of materials made from PnP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental principles and development of proximity-field nanopatterning toward advanced 3D nanofabrication

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures have offered unprecedented material performances in diverse applications like energy storages, catalysts, electronic, mechanical, and photonic devices. These outstanding performances are attributed to unusual material properties at the nanoscale, enormous surface areas, a geometrical uniqueness, and comparable feature sizes with optical wavelengths. For the practical use of the unusual nanoscale properties, there have been developments for macroscale fabrications of the 3D nanoarchitectures with process areas over centimeter scales. Among the many fabrication methods for 3D structures at the nanoscale, proximity-field nanopatterning (PnP) is one of the promising techniques that generates 3D optical holographic images and transforms them into material structures through a lithographic process. Using conformal and transparent phase masks as a key factor, the PnP process has advantages in terms of stability, uniformity, and reproducibility for 3D nanostructures with periods from 300 nm to several micrometers. Other merits of realizing precise 3D features with sub-100 nm and rapid processes are attributed to the interference of coherent light diffracted by phase masks. In this review, to report the overall progress of PnP from 2003, we present a comprehensive understanding of PnP, including its brief history, the fundamental principles, symmetry control of 3D nanoarchitectures, material issues for the phase masks, and the process area expansion to the wafer-scale for the target applications. Finally, technical challenges and prospects are discussed for further development and practical applications of the PnP technique.

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Flexible Protective Film: Ultrahard, Yet Flexible Hybrid Nanocomposite Reinforced by 3D Inorganic Nanoshell Structures

Bae

Choi

Ahn

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Emerging flexible optoelectronics requires a new type of protective material that is not only hard but also flexible. Organic–inorganic (O–I) hybrid materials have been used as a flexible cover window to increase wear resistance and polymer‐like flexibility. However, the hardness of O–I hybrid materials is much lower than that of metals and ceramics due to the low intrinsic hardness of the organic matrix and limited volume fraction of inorganic reinforcement. Herein, a new type of hybrid nanocomposite combining an O–I hybrid material with continuous and ordered 3D inorganic nanoshell as an additional reinforcement is proposed. The 3D alumina nanoshell uniformly embedded in the epoxy‐siloxane molecular hybrid (ESMH) enables a rule of mixture without a loss in flexibility. Two types of reinforcements comprising siloxane molecules and 3D alumina shell ensure a metal‐like hardness (1.3 GPa), which is significantly higher than that of the typical polymers and polymer nanocomposites. The 3D hybrid nanocomposite films show superb impact resistance due to the 3D alumina nanoshell that effectively suppresses crack propagation. Inch‐scale 3D hybrid nanocomposite films also endure 20 000 bending cycles without failure and maintain high transparency (>82.0% at 550 nm) in the visible regions.

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High-performance functional nanocomposites using 3D ordered and continuous nanostructures generated from proximity-field nanopatterning

Cited by 30 publications

References 135 publications

Engineering Catalyst Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Review of Design, Materials, and Methods

Engineering Catalyst Layers for Next‐Generation Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Review of Design, Materials, and Methods

Fundamental principles and development of proximity-field nanopatterning toward advanced 3D nanofabrication

Flexible Protective Film: Ultrahard, Yet Flexible Hybrid Nanocomposite Reinforced by 3D Inorganic Nanoshell Structures

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