High performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric identification of dimethylxanthine metabolites of caffeine in human plasma

Midha, K. K.; Sved, S.; Hossie, R. D.; McGilveray, I.J.

doi:10.1002/bms.1200040309

Cited by 42 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Xanthine derivatives (Scheme ) such as caffeine (1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine), theobromine (3,7‐dimethylxanthine) and theophylline (1,3‐dimethylxanthine) have been investigated regarding their physiological properties for several decades, in particular for human medication purposes. By means of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as mass spectrometry (MS),4 theobromine and theophylline were identified as metabolites of caffeine in 1977,5 and both were found to be physiologically active. While theobromine is mildly diuretic, it also affects humans as a soft stimulant as well as a bronchodilator, and theophylline has been one of the most commonly used medications for the treatment of symptoms arising from chronic or exercise‐induced asthma.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric characterization and quantitation of xanthine derivatives using isotopically labelled analogues: an application for equine doping control analysis

Thevis

Opfermann

Krug

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry has been employed successfully in numerous fields of analytical chemistry enabling the establishment of fast and reliable procedures. In equine sports, xanthine derivatives such as caffeine and theobromine are prohibited, and doping control laboratories analyze horse urine specimens regarding these illicit performance-enhancing drugs. Theobromine has to exceed a threshold level of 2 microg/mL, hence a robust and reliable quantitation is required. Stably deuterated theobromine and caffeine were synthesized by the reaction of xanthine or theobromine with iodomethane-d3 in the presence of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide or potassium carbonate in acetonitrile, respectively. Both compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and a robust and fast assay for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of theobromine in equine urine samples was validated. Urine specimens were extracted by means of solid-phase extraction cartridges, and concentrated extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography interfaced to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. In addition, the dissociation behavior of deuterated analogues to caffeine and theobromine allowed proposals for fragmentation routes of xanthine derivatives after atmospheric pressure ionization and collisionally activated dissociation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric characterization and quantitation of xanthine derivatives using isotopically labelled analogues: an application for equine doping control analysis

Thevis

Opfermann

Krug

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…The available data suggests no interference or-cross reactivity with either compound at their expected serum levels. [18][19][20][21][22] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of a Rapid Theophylline Assay in the Ambulatory Setting

Munzenberger

Massoud

Papaioanou

1986

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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The Seralyzer reflectance photometer was evaluated in three ambulatory settings. Of the total 99 assays in the pediatric general medicine clinic, 47 were below the therapeutic range, and 20 patients were noncompliant. There were 13 low and nine high levels along with 22 noncompliant patients detected from a total of 109 in the allergy clinic. The physician's office documented 43 low and four high levels along with 10 noncompliant patients from 105 assays. The mean time required for Seralyzer results in both the allergy and pediatric general medicine clinic was 13 minutes. Regression analysis of both finger-stick and venipuncture split samples indicated a strong correlation between Seralyzer results and traditional methods of assay (r = 0.94 and 0.99, respectively). The Seralyzer proved accurate, timely, and simple to operate.

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Comparative Efficacy of Theophylline and Caffeine in the Treatment of Idiopathic Apnea in Premature Infants

Brouard¹

1985

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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High performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric identification of dimethylxanthine metabolites of caffeine in human plasma

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric characterization and quantitation of xanthine derivatives using isotopically labelled analogues: an application for equine doping control analysis

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric characterization and quantitation of xanthine derivatives using isotopically labelled analogues: an application for equine doping control analysis

The Use of a Rapid Theophylline Assay in the Ambulatory Setting

Comparative Efficacy of Theophylline and Caffeine in the Treatment of Idiopathic Apnea in Premature Infants

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