High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of clozapine, haloperidol, droperidol and several benzodiazepines in plasma

High throughput therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine and metabolites in serum by on-line coupling of solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…However, it should be noted that, with an exception for NOX, a factor of about 2-3 better detection limits can be [25,29]. Detection limits reported for UV detection at wavelengths ranging from 210 to 280 nm are generally much higher, but in a few cases detection limits in the low ng ml −1 range have been reported for CLZ and metabolites [14,21,28].…”

“…In accordance with the majority of literature dealing with monitoring of CLZ and metabolites, a reversed phase (RP) chromatographic system, utilising a C18 stationary phase [14,[16][17][18]20,23,[24][25][26][27][28][29], has been chosen to separate CLZ, DMC and NOX. Other RP stationary phases reported in literature include C6 [21], C8 [17,20] and cyanopropyl (operated under RP conditions) [19,30].…”

“…Over the last decade, several liquid chromatographic methods for monitoring CLZ (and metabolites) in serum and/or plasma have been published. Sample clean-up is performed either by LLE [18,[20][21][22]25,28,30], or by SPE, off-line [14,16,17,23,26,27], or on-line [15,19,24,29] with LC separation. In the case of on-line SPE, a cyanopropyl [15,24], C18 [19], or divinylbenzene co-polymer resin SPE stationary phase [29] is used.…”

Simultaneous analysis of haloperidol, its three metabolites and two other butyrophenone‐type neuroleptics by high performance liquid chromatography with dual ultraviolet detection

“…When the plasma level exceeds 12 ng/mL, the side effects increase. Previous results showed that the detection limits of HAL, R-HAL, SPI and DRO were more than 1 ng/mL by concentrating 1-2 mL of plasma sample after a solid-phase or liquidliquid extraction (Jatlow et al, 1982;Parkinson, 1985;Miller and DeVane, 1986;Cahard et al, 1990;Wilhelm and Kemper, 1990). Our method presented may be suitable for determining the plasma levels of these compounds according to such pretreatment.…”

“…HPLC coupled with UV detection has been widely utilized for detection of these compounds (Parkinson, 1985;Wilhelm and Kemper, 1990). In these reports, the simultaneous determination of only two compounds (HAL and either SPI or DRO) was performed.…”