High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Airiau, Christian; Brereton, Richard G.; Crosby, John

doi:10.1002/1097-0231(20010130)15:2<135::aid-rcm204>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…in both APCI and ESI mode. Consequently, the charge transfer dominated the process of ion formation rather than the proton transfer in the APCI source, which is consistent with the report of Perez and Barcelo;8 the charge transfer was also dominant for the ion formation of PAHs than that of the formation of the PAH‐tropylium complex in the ESI source, which is in agreement with the finding of Airiau et al 13…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Applications of ESI on non‐polar chemicals such as PAHs are limited, because they usually require chemical derivatizations. Tropylium (TR + )12, 13 or Ag + (as silver nitrate)14 cations have been used as electron acceptors and have been added post‐column to the eluent to yield cationic adducts of PAHs. Although the addition of silver salts may provide a better sensitivity than that of tropylium cations in LC/ESI‐MS and the detection limits, ≈0.02–0.6 ng of on‐column injection, are similar to those of GC/MS, silver ions may deposit in the instrument making more frequent maintenance necessary 15…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there has only been one study, by Airiau et al .,13 reporting the results of an analysis of PAHs using LC/ESI‐MS/MS with post‐column tropylium derivatization. In contrast to the findings of Moriwaki,12, 17 the authors of that study reported that [M+TR] + in solutions could undergo a charge transfer and form [M] + .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or electrospray ionization with tropylium post‐column derivatization

Lien

Chen

2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with four to six rings are potent carcinogens. This study analyzed ten of the sixteen US EPA priority PAHs using reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring mode with two ionization sources: positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI+) or positive elecrtrospray ionization (ESI+) with tropylium post-column derivatization. Several factors were investigated, including mobile phases, stationary phases of columns and chromatographic temperature, to determine how optimal separation and sensitivity might be achieved. Methanol used as an organic mobile phase provided better sensitivities for most PAHs than acetonitrile, although some PAHs co-eluted. Acidic buffers did not increase analyte signals. Use of Restek Pinnacle II PAH columns (250 x 4.6 mm or 250 x 2.1 mm, 5 microm) with water/acetonitrile gradient at 27 degrees C made possible a good separation of the ten analytes. [M]+. were the best precursor ions in both APCI and ESI, although fluoranthene could not be detected in ESI mode when tropylium post-column derivatization was performed. [M-28]+ and [M-52]+ were the major product ions of PAHs after collision-induced dissociation, a result of neutral losses of C(2)H(4) and (C(2)H(2))(2), respectively. Chromatographic separation for PAH isomers was crucial because the mass spectra were so similar that even MS/MS could not distinguish them from each other. The recoveries of sample preparations of PAHs spiked onto air-sampling filters ranged between 77.5 and 106% with relative standard deviations between 1.1 and 15.9%. This method was validated by analyzing NIST SRM 1649a (urban dust), producing results comparable with the certified PAH concentrations. The detection limits using APCI and ESI interfaces, defined as three times the noise levels, ranged between 0.23 and 0.83 ng and between 0.16 and 0.84 ng of on-column injection, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or electrospray ionization with tropylium post‐column derivatization

Lien

Chen

2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Neither method can ionize analytes without easily ionizable functional groups, such as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, in the presence of basic or acidic analytes [7,8]. In order to enable the analysis of polycyclic aromatic analytes, some investigators have derivatized them prior to ESI/mass spectrometry [9]. Other methods used to facilitate the analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons include using silver cationization or adding CHCl 3 into the ESI solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Gao

Borton

Owen

et al. 2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) was successfully coupled to a conventional atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source in a commercial linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (LQIT). Model compounds representing a wide variety of different types, including basic nitrogen and oxygen compounds, aromatic and aliphatic compounds, as well as unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, were tested separately and as a mixture. These model compounds were successfully evaporated into the gas phase by using LIAD and then ionized by using APCI with different reagents. From the four APCI reagent systems tested, neat carbon disulfide provided the best results. The mixture of methanol and water produced primarily protonated molecules, as expected. However, only the most basic compounds yielded ions under these conditions. In sharp contrast, using APCI with either neat benzene or neat carbon disulfide as the reagent resulted in the ionization of all the analytes studied to predominantly yield stable molecular ions. Benzene yielded a larger fraction of protonated molecules than carbon disulfide, which is a disadvantage. A similar but minor amount of fragmentation was observed for these two reagents. When the experiment was performed without a liquid reagent (nitrogen gas was the reagent), more fragmentation was observed. Analysis of a known mixture as well as a petroleum cut was also carried out. In summary, the new experiment presented here allows the evaporation of thermally labile compounds, both polar and nonpolar, without dissociation or aggregation, and their ionization to predominantly form stable molecular ions.

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“…Using this procedure, the PAHs and 1-nitropyrene were simultaneously determined by LC/ESI/MS. Furthermore, the cationization of PAHs by post-column addition of tropylium was applied to LC/ESI/MS/MS [33]. Takino et al (2001) [34] have reported the use of silver ions, instead of electron-transfer reagents or tropylium ions, as a post-column reagent for the formation of PAH complexes.…”

Section: Discussion 21 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Chromatographic- Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analysis of Persistent Pollutants: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Organochlorine Compounds and Perfluorinated Compounds

Moriwaki¹

2005

COC

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Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become an invaluable technique for trace analysis of pollutants in the environment. Use of this technique offers a faster, more convenient, and more sensitive way to analyze many environmental pollutants. Of these, persistent pollutants in environment, some of which elicit toxicities, are monitored extensively in various environmental matrices as they are known to accumulate biologically through the food chain. Using LC/MS for the analysis of persistent pollutants has the potential to contribute to the simplification of analytical methods and the enhancement of sensitivity. This article presents a review of LC/MS methods published thus far on the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine compounds and perfluorinated acids.

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High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or electrospray ionization with tropylium post‐column derivatization

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or electrospray ionization with tropylium post‐column derivatization

Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Liquid Chromatographic- Mass Spectrometric Methods for the Analysis of Persistent Pollutants: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Organochlorine Compounds and Perfluorinated Compounds

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