High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography of Biological Macromolecules

Irgum, Knut

doi:10.1002/9780470027318.a0207

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 826 publications

(629 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…gel-permeation chromatography) and ion exchange chromatography (e.g. ion-exchange chromatography and ligand-exchange chromatography), because of its rapid, specific, sensitive and precise measurements [42].…”

Section: Gr Up Smmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Lignocellulosic Analysis with Chromatography

Sun¹,

Sun²

2015

Ann Chromatogr Sep Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rising global demand for energy and material from unstable and expensive petroleum resources plus concerns about the economy and global warming call for the development of renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels [1,2]. Since the first-generation biofuels produced from sugar, starch, and oil-seed-based feedstocks have generated serious competition and a debate for food resources. Therefore, second-generation biofuels expanded the feedstocks to lignocellulosic biomass, including agricultural residues, agro-industrial wastes, forestry and energy crops, which are abundant, renewable, and cost-effective non-food resources [3]. Certain oils produced by plants and algae can be used directly as fuel or chemically transesterified to biodiesel. Hydrogen gas can be produced by not only photosynthetic algae and cyanobacteria under certain nutrientand/or oxygen-depleted conditions but also bacteria and archaea utilizing organic substrates under anaerobic conditions. Other biofuels such as bioethanol and biobutanol can also be produced as organic substrates fermented by microbes under anaerobic conditions [1].First-generation biofuels can impact the environment, the economy, water overconsumption and pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and social conflict [4]. Most authorities such as the EU-Renewable Energy Directive and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have become aware of these effects and issued regulations on the production of first-generation biofuels [4,5]. To date, one of the most important liquid forms of biofuel from carbohydrates is bioethanol. The United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005, the production of which had increased from 1.63 billion gallons in 2000 to 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (49.2 billion liters) in 2010 and subsequently to 13.9 billion U.S. liquid gallons (52.6 billion liters) in 2011 [7]. Moreover, the minimum volumes of different types of biofuels that must be included in the United States' supply of fuel for transportation by the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) is intended to rise to 36 billion gallons by 2022 [5][6][7]. Recently, technological advances have boosted the production of cellulosic ethanol and ethanol from plant waste (e.g., corn stover) on a commercial scale with the opening of a $275 million, 25-million gallon per year cellulosic ethanol plant in Emmetsburg, Iowa-a joint venture between POET, an American biofuels company, and the Dutch firm Royal DSM [8]. Poet-DSM will produce cellulosic ethanol from corncobs, leaves, husks, and corn stalks harvested by farmers located within a 30-to 40-mile radius of the plant [9].In addition to the biofuel production, application of biomaterials from lignocellulosic biomass is also essential to the functioning of industrial societies and critical to the development of a sustainable global economy. Although wood and paper products have already played important roles in the evolution of civilization, there is increasing interest in the improvement of the quality and ma...

show abstract

Section: Gr Up Smmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Lignocellulosic Analysis with Chromatography

Sun¹,

Sun²

2015

Ann Chromatogr Sep Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most popular method for the chromatographic separation of peptides is reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) applying hydrophobic stationary phases and gradients of acetonitrile in aqueous solutions as eluents. 12 Separations can be performed at both acidic 13 and alkaline pH, 14 and ion-pairing additives such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 15,16 heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), 17 or triethylamine/acetic acid (TEA/HOAc) 18 have been utilized to enhance electrostatic interaction of the peptides with the stationary phase. Macroporous butyl or octadecyl silica stationary phases have been used for the separation of nonphosphorylated peptides from their phosphorylated analogues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the analysis of intact proteins embraces both primary amino acid sequence and posttranslational modifications, investigation at the level of peptide fragments is more established in terms of separation and characterization by MS and MS/MS, however, at the risk of not detecting the peptide containing the modification. The most popular method for the chromatographic separation of peptides is reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) applying hydrophobic stationary phases and gradients of acetonitrile in aqueous solutions as eluents . Separations can be performed at both acidic and alkaline pH, and ion-pairing additives such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), , heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA), or triethylamine/acetic acid (TEA/HOAc) have been utilized to enhance electrostatic interaction of the peptides with the stationary phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Detection of Phosphorylated and Nonphosphorylated Peptides in Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry Using Monolithic Columns and Acidic or Alkaline Mobile Phases

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Efficient chromatographic separation is a prerequisite for the sensitive analysis of complex peptide mixtures using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This is especially true for the analysis of mixtures of unmodified and posttranslationally modified peptides, for example, phosphorylated peptides in the presence of their unmodified analogues. Applying monolithic capillary columns based on poly(styrene/divinylbenzene), the influence of acidic eluents based on trifluoroacetic and heptafluorobutyric acid as well as an alkaline eluent based on triethylamine-acetic acid (pH 9.2) on the separation of synthetic phosphopeptides was evaluated. Heptafluorobutyric acid offered the longest retention times and highest selectivities and, hence, the most effective separation. Application of the alkaline eluent in conjunction with detection in negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, on the other hand, allowed the detection of phosphorylated peptides with significantly lower limits of detection, as compared to acidic eluents in combination with detection in positive ion mode. Pairs of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated synthetic peptides, ranging from 7- to 16-mers, as well as phosphorylated peptides form a tryptic protein digest could be separated both at acidic and alkaline pH. Utilizing a 60 x 0.20-mm-i.d. capillary column, the limit of detection in negative ion detection mode for a 4-fold phosphorylated peptide in a beta-casein digest was 10 fmol. Together with the capability for fast separation of protein digests, monolithic columns, thus, facilitate the effective and sensitive analysis of this important posttranslational modification.

show abstract