“…The MnO 2 nanoparticles revealed their major IR absorption bands ( Figure 3 b). The absorption band at 3419 cm −1 originates from –OH stretching [ 50 ], the vibrational modes at 1643, 1565, and 1419 cm −1 arise from –OH bending [ 51 , 52 ], and the IR absorbance at 1121 cm −1 comes from the Mn–OH vibration. In addition, MnO 2 showed to involve some vibration modes at 503, 616, 710, and 868 cm −1 , arising from Mn–O–Mn stretching in α-MnO 2 [ 28 , 44 , 51 ].…”