High Performance Multicolor Intelligent Supercapacitor and Its Quantitative Monitoring of Energy Storage Level by Electrochromic Parameters

Abstract

The construction of an electrochromic supercapacitor device (ESD) with multicolor change, good energy storage capacity, cyclic stability, and the realization of the quantitative monitoring of energy storage level (ESL) of an ESD are very important to realize the practical application of the device. In this study, poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)/WO 3 (P5ICA/WO 3 ) nanocomposites with good electrochromic and supercapacitive properties are successfully prepared. The color of P5ICA/WO 3 nanocomposites can be reversibly changed among blue-green, yellow, and dark green. The specific capacitance of the prepared P5ICA/WO 3 composites is 30.2 mF cm −2 , indicating a good energy storage capacity. An all-solid ESD is constructed based on the prepared P5ICA/WO 3 nanocomposites and poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which exhibits excellent capacitive and electrochromic performance, long-term charge/discharge stability, and electrochromic stability. The max specific capacitance of the ESD is 10.11 mF cm −2 , and the coloration efficiency is 608 cm 2 C −1 . The ESL of the ESD can be directly monitored through the color change during the charging and discharging process. Furthermore, in order to achieve the quantitative monitoring of the ESL, the relationship between ESL and electrochromic parameters (optical density) of the device is established. It is believed that this study may provide a strategy for the preparation of bifunctional electrode materials and expand the intelligent functions of the supercapacitor.

Highly Stable Indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-Based Donor–Acceptor Copolymers for Hybrid Electrochromic and Energy Storage Applications

“… 17 − 19 An intriguing concept follows, as the electrochromic and energy storage properties of conjugated polymers can be merged into a single, bifunctional electro-optical material for use in electrochromic supercapacitors and other hybrid applications where the stored energy level can be visually observed or more precisely optically detected in real time. 20 The switchable coloration can be tuned to transmit/block specific wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions for a particular interest in smart regulation of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), that is, integration of the two devices into self-powered systems that can simultaneously harvest and store solar energy. 21 Recent work of Cho, et al ( 22 ) stands as an example of electrochromic supercapacitors based on a viologen/dimethyl ferrocene gel composite that was integrated with a semitransparent OPV device, effectively regulating the transmission at 545, 596, and 602 nm wavelengths when fully charged.…”

An Efficient Electrochromic Supercapacitor Based on Solution‐Processable Nanoporous Poly{tris[4‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine}

“…As ap romising smart device, electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSCs) have at-tracted considerable interesto ver the past decade. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In comparisonw ith traditional ECDs, ECSCs not only have the function of energy storageb ut also can act simultaneously as a smart energy monitor by indicating the state of energy storage capacityt hrough color changes.I na ddition, ECSCs are expected to overcome problems that concern external power sources and the limited range of application of conventional ECDs.…”

“…[15g] Ming et al designed an ew conjugated polymer that can be appliedi nE CSCs [15h] and Guo et al fabricated two new ECSCsb ased on poly(indole-6-carboxylicacid)/TiO 2 and poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)/WO 3 nanocomposites. [13,14] Among these reported conjugated polymers, many polymers based on triphenylamine (TPA), which have ultrafast electron-transfer rate constants and good hole-transporting abilities, have been An ew green synthetic route to tris [4-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine (TEPA) monomer has been developed and the molecular structure of TEPAh as been determined by using single-crystal XRD. Solution-processable nanoporous poly{tris [4-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)phenyl]amine} (PTEPA) is prepared by ac hemical oxidative polymerizationi namicroemulsion.…”

“…As a result, there is an interesting prospect to integrate energy storage and electrochromic functions into one device. As a promising smart device, electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSCs) have attracted considerable interest over the past decade . In comparison with traditional ECDs, ECSCs not only have the function of energy storage but also can act simultaneously as a smart energy monitor by indicating the state of energy storage capacity through color changes.…”

“…designed a new conjugated polymer that can be applied in ECSCs and Guo et al. fabricated two new ECSCs based on poly(indole‐6‐carboxylicacid)/TiO 2 and poly(indole‐5‐carboxylic acid)/WO 3 nanocomposites . Among these reported conjugated polymers, many polymers based on triphenylamine (TPA), which have ultrafast electron‐transfer rate constants and good hole‐transporting abilities, have been studied intensively as electrode materials for organic batteries and SCs .…”