High performance nano-sized LiMn_1−xFe_xPO₄cathode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A series of LiMn1−xFexPO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) cathode materials with different Mn/Fe ratios have been successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method.

Crystal and Morphology Design of Dittmarite-Type Ammonium Iron–Manganese Phosphates, NH4Mn1–xFexPO4·H2O, as Precursors for Phospho-olivine Electrodes

“…The reverse process of discharging yields an intercalation of about 0.75 mol Li + (i.e., a capacity about 135–140 mAh/g), which takes place at two plateaus, 3.95 and 3.50 V, due to the consecutive reduction of Mn 3+ to Mn 2+ and Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ . These preliminary data are in good agreement with previous observations for this mixed composition. ,, …”

“…Among mixed phospho-olivines, the present study is focused on the synthesis of LiMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 PO 4 and NaMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 PO 4 by using one and the same dittmarite precursor NH 4 Mn 0.8 Fe 0.2 PO 4 , where the ratio of the Fe-to-Mn is fixed to 0.2:0.8. The composition LiMn 0.8 Fe 0.2 PO 4 has been considered as a very promising electrode material for high power lithium-ion batteries. ,− …”

“…From electrochemical point of view, solid solutions between Li/NaFePO 4 and Li/NaMnPO 4 combine all advantages of the single electrode compounds such as higher power density typical for LiMnPO 4 and fast charge/discharge and structure stability typical for LiFePO 4 . − Therefore, the recent studies are mainly directed toward the examination of metal substituted phospho-olivines instead of the single representatives. It is worth mentioning that the formation of mixed lithium iron manganese phospho-olivines LiMn 1– x Fe x PO 4 is subject of many studies, ,− whereas the number of the reports concerning sodium analogues NaMn 1– x Fe x PO 4 is extremely limited. Till now, there is one report on the formation of a mixed composition NaMn 0.5 Fe 0.5 PO 4 …”

A Perspective on the Sustainability of Cathode Materials used in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 34 ] The synthesis of nanosized particles is also considered to improve electronic conductivity by decreasing the lithium‐ion diffusion pathway. [ 35 ] Despite these drawbacks, LFP cathodes may still have a role in public transport, and in standard range cars due to their high safety and fast charging times ≈2.5 h, and in less power demanding stationary storage. [ 12 ]…”

“…[34] The synthesis of nanosized particles is also considered to improve electronic conductivity by decreasing the lithium-ion diffusion pathway. [35] Despite these drawbacks, LFP cathodes may still have a role in public transport, and in standard range cars due to their high safety and fast charging times ≈2.5 h, and in less power demanding stationary storage. [12] Spinel-type cathodes (Figure 1a) provide an additional opportunity to eliminate cobalt, within certain battery applications, while also benefitting from decreased wt% of lithium when compared to layered transition metal oxides (e.g., NMC, NCA).…”