and vehicles. [1,2] With the ever-growing demand for the miniaturization of electrochemical energy storage devices, high volumetric lithium storage becomes more and more important. [3,4] Since conventional carbonaceous electrodes have approached the theoretical capacity limits, non-carbon alternatives with higher capacities are urgently required. [5] Transition metal oxides (TMOs) represent one type of promising alternative owing to their high specific capacities based on the conversion reaction mechanism, high abundance as well as high compacted density. [6] However, unlike the intercalation reaction in carbon electrodes, the conversion reaction in TMO anodes causes severe volume fluctuations during charge/discharge processes and thus leads to significant capacity loss. Meanwhile the poor electron conductivity and low Li + diffusivity result in slow reaction kinetics. [7] Taking ternary metal oxide ZnCo 2 O 4 as an example, it delivers a high theoretical capacity of ≈900 mAh g −1 but with a large volume change of ≈100% upon full discharge as well as sluggish lithium storage kinetics. [8,9] To overcome the above hurdles, intensive research has focused on nanoengineering of TMO electrodes, which may offer large free space to cushion the volume expansion and shorten the ion diffusion pathway, therefore enhancing the
Transition metal oxides hold great promise as high-energy anodes in nextgeneration lithium-ion batteries. However, owing to the inherent limitations of low electronic/ionic conductivities and dramatic volume change during charge/ discharge, it is still challenging to fabricate practically viable compacted and thick TMO anodes with satisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, with mesoporous cobalt-boride nanoflakes serving as multifunctional bridges in ZnCo 2 O 4 micro-/nanospheres, a compacted ZnCo 2 O 4 /Co-B hybrid structure is constructed. Co-B nanoflakes not only bridge ZnCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles and function as anchors forZnCo 2 O 4 micro-/nanospheres to suppress the severe volume fluctuation, they also work as effective electron conduction bridges to promote fast electron transportation. More importantly, they serve as Li + transfer bridges to provide significantly boosted Li + diffusivity, evidenced from both experimental kinetics analysis and density functional theory calculations. The mesopores within Co-B nanoflakes help overcome the large Li + diffusion barriers across 2D interfaces. As a result, the ZnCo 2 O 4 /Co-B electrode delivers high gravimetric/ volumetric/areal capacities of 995 mAh g −1 /1450 mAh cm −3 /5.10 mAh cm −2 , respectively, with robust rate capability and long-term cyclability. The distinct interfacial design strategy provides a new direction for designing compacted conversion-type anodes with superior lithium storage kinetics and stability for practical applications.
Lithium StorageThe ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.