“…A widely recognized and accepted point is that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from ozone conversion on oxygen (O) vacancies play an important role in catalytic toluene ozonation (CTO). − Accordingly, a series of O-vacancy-enriched metal-based catalysts, including NiO x , , MnO x , , CuO x , PtO x , , and their derived composites, have been examined to achieve efficient CTO. Among these, nickel oxide (NiO) has received an enormous amount of attention due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and excellent performance for CTO under mild conditions. , It is generally acknowledged that Ni vacancies, as a type of important Ruetschi defect, form easily on NiO surfaces and play a significant role in O-vacancy formation. , Accordingly, considerable efforts have been made to promote O-vacancy formation by regulating Ni vacancies in NiO catalysts via tuning the crystal structures, morphologies, and exposed crystal facets. ,,− Among these, crystal facet engineering has been highlighted as a promising strategy because different crystal facets of NiO have their own atomic arrangement patterns and thus distinctive electronic structure, which is believed to result in differences in Ni vacancies and thus dramatically influence O-vacancy formation. For example, Tian’s group has found that cubic NiO with (100) facets possessed abundant Ni vacancies and thus promoted O-vacancy formation, which resulted in more ROS formation and thus facilitated CTO.…”