2023
DOI: 10.3390/polym15020342
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High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for LED-Induced Photopolymerization

Abstract: Currently, increasing attention has been focused on light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-induced photopolymerization. The common LEDs (e.g., LED at 365 nm and LED at 405 nm) possess narrow emission bands. Due to their light absorption properties, most commercial photoinitiators are sensitive to UV light and cannot be optimally activated under visible LED irradiation. Although many photoinitiators have been designed for LED-induced free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization, there is still the issue of the… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(13 citation statements)
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References 158 publications
(154 reference statements)
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“…The typical I of PIs for biomedical applications includes lithium phenyl-2,4,6trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) and Irgacure 2959 (figure 5(B)), both of them can be initiated under 365 nm of wavelength. Type II of PIs are more complex in their initiating reactions than type I PIs, which rely on the combination of two molecules, like tris-bipyridyl-ruthenium (II) hexahydrate (Ru) and sodium persulfate (SPS) [56]. The first molecule absorbs the photon, which is often called the PI or the photosensitizer (PS).…”
Section: Pis and Photocrosslinking Reactionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The typical I of PIs for biomedical applications includes lithium phenyl-2,4,6trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) and Irgacure 2959 (figure 5(B)), both of them can be initiated under 365 nm of wavelength. Type II of PIs are more complex in their initiating reactions than type I PIs, which rely on the combination of two molecules, like tris-bipyridyl-ruthenium (II) hexahydrate (Ru) and sodium persulfate (SPS) [56]. The first molecule absorbs the photon, which is often called the PI or the photosensitizer (PS).…”
Section: Pis and Photocrosslinking Reactionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, longer exposure wavelengths are beneficial for deeper curing and resulting better adhesive properties. [11][12][13][14][15] Thus, it has become a popular research topic to develop high photoreactivity with well-matched of the longer LED light irradiations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…27–49 Moreover, photopolymerization frequently offers a rapid cure, allowing for quick processing and lower costs. 14 The primary driving forces behind this technique are not only the environmental and practical advantages it offers, but also the recent advancements in this field in terms of technology, 50,51 reactions, 15–19 and applications. 13 As a result, photopolymerization has found use in a variety of fields, including biomaterials, 51–53 3D printing, 54–57 the microelectronics industry, 13,58,59 coatings, 60–62 and adhesives.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%