High-performance photorefractive polymer composite with 2-dicyanomethylen-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran chromophore

Wright, D.; Gubler, U.; Roh, Yeonsuk; Moerner, W. E.; He, Meng; Twieg, Robert J.

doi:10.1063/1.1428120

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[1] In PR materials, charges photogenerated by a nonuniform lightintensity pattern are transported and redistributed in space to produce an internal space-charge electric field, which, in turn, modulates the refractive index via molecular reorientations and electro-optic (EO) effects. Because of their potential applications in holographic optical data storage and real-time optical processing, various classes of organic PR materials, including polymers, [2][3][4] liquid crystals, [5] and organic glasses, [6][7][8] have been explored. Of these, organic molecular glasses are considered very promising since they possess many advantages, such as a simple synthetic approach, a well-defined molecular structure, long-term stability with high chromophore concentration, and the best PR performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorefractive Performance of Hyperstructured Cyclotriphosphazene Molecular Glasses containing Carbazole Moieties

Zhang

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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Two hyperstructured photorefractive (PR) molecular glasses (M1 and M2) with a cyclotriphosphazene core are synthesized via nucleophilic substitution and an azo‐coupling reaction. These molecules exhibit excellent solubility in common organic solvents and maintain a complete amorphous state in spite of their high glass‐transition temperature. The nonlinear optical effects, two‐beam coupling and four‐wave mixing, respectively, are used to prove the PR performance in the optically transparent films of M1 and M2 doped with 30 % N‐ethyl‐carbazole. With no external electric field, a gain coefficient of 102 cm–1 and diffraction efficiency of 24 % are obtained in the composite made from M1, and an even higher gain coefficient of 214 cm–1 and diffraction efficiency of 31 % are obtained in the composite made from M2 owing to its higher chromophore loading.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorefractive Performance of Hyperstructured Cyclotriphosphazene Molecular Glasses containing Carbazole Moieties

Zhang

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2008

Adv Funct Materials

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“…[11±19] The best PR polymer composites are characterized by millisecond-response times, [20] two-beam coupling gain coefficients of % 400 cm À1 , [21] and diffraction efficiencies of % 100 % [22] at applied electric fields of % 100 V mm…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Temperature in Controlling Performance of Photorefractive Organic Glasses

Ostroverkhova

Twieg

et al. 2003

ChemPhysChem

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We present a detailed temperature-dependence study of dielectric, birefringent, conductive, and photorefractive (PR) properties of high-performance low-molecular weight organic glasses that contain 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran (DCDHF) derivatives. DCDHF organic glasses sensitized with C60 exhibit high two-beam coupling gain coefficients in the red-wavelength region. However, in the best performing DCDHF glasses at room temperature the PR dynamics are limited by slow molecular reorientation in the electric field. While orientational and, therefore, PR speed can be significantly improved by increasing the temperature above the glass-transition temperature of the material, the steady-state performance may worsen. Comprehensive study of the temperature dependence of various processes, which contribute to the PR effect in DCDHF glasses, clarifies the limiting factors and allows for optimization of the overall PR performance.

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“…These molecules contain an amine donor and a dicyanodihydrofuran (DCDHF) acceptor linked by a conjugated unit (benzene, thiophene, alkene, styrene, etc.) and were originally designed to deliver both high polarizability anisotropy and dipole moment as nonlinear optical chromophores for photorefractive applications 21,22 . Surprisingly, we have found that these molecules are also well-suited for single-molecule fluorescence applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Fluorophores for Single-Molecule Imaging

Willets

Ostroverkhova

et al. 2003

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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A new class of fluorophores has been identified that can be imaged at the single-molecule level and offer additional beneficial properties such as a significant ground state dipole moment, moderate hyperpolarizability, and sensitivity to local rigidity. These molecules contain an amine donor and a dicyanodihydrofuran (DCDHF) acceptor linked by a conjugated unit (benzene, thiophene, alkene, styrene, etc.) and were originally designed to deliver both high polarizability anisotropy and dipole moment as nonlinear optical chromophores for photorefractive applications. Surprisingly, we have found that these molecules are also well-suited for single-molecule fluorescence imaging in polymers and other reasonably rigid environments. We report the bulk (ensemble) and single-molecule photophysical properties measured for six dyes in this new class of single-molecule reporters, with absorption maxima ranging from 486 to 614 nm.

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High-performance photorefractive polymer composite with 2-dicyanomethylen-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran chromophore

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Photorefractive Performance of Hyperstructured Cyclotriphosphazene Molecular Glasses containing Carbazole Moieties

Photorefractive Performance of Hyperstructured Cyclotriphosphazene Molecular Glasses containing Carbazole Moieties

Role of Temperature in Controlling Performance of Photorefractive Organic Glasses

Novel Fluorophores for Single-Molecule Imaging

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