High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered nanosystems: quantitative standards and figures of merit

Wu, Wenzhuo

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/27/11/112503

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The mechanical excitation was such that the NWs were being periodically compressed along their lengths and then released, resulting in the measured electrical output. The ZnO-PC nanocomposite NG is an example of a stress-driven NG [22,44], as the ZnO NWs have a relatively large areaweighted stiffness compared to the PC template in which they are embedded. The peak-to-peak voltage (V pp ) increases with frequency due to higher acceleration, and hence force, of the impacting arm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited within porous polycarbonate templates for vibrational energy harvesting

et al. 2016

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A piezoelectric nanogenerator has been fabricated using a simple, fast and scalable template-assisted electrodeposition process, by which vertically aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were directly grown within a nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) template. The nanowires, having average diameter 184 nm and length 12 μm, are polycrystalline and have a preferred orientation of the [100] axis parallel to the long axis. The output power density of a nanogenerator fabricated from the as-grown ZnO nanowires still embedded within the PC template was found to be 151 ± 25 mW m−3 at an impedance-matched load, when subjected to a low-level periodic (5 Hz) impacting force akin to gentle finger tapping. An energy conversion efficiency of ∼4.2% was evaluated for the electrodeposited ZnO nanowires, and the ZnO–PC composite nanogenerator was found to maintain good energy harvesting performance through 24 h of continuous fatigue testing. This is particularly significant given that ZnO-based nanostructures typically suffer from mechanical and/or environmental degradation that otherwise limits their applicability in vibrational energy harvesting. Our template-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanowires embedded within a protective polymer matrix through a single growth process is thus attractive for the fabrication of low-cost, robust and stable nanogenerators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited within porous polycarbonate templates for vibrational energy harvesting

et al. 2016

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“…3 In the past decade, various piezoelectric materials have been explored and used for efficient conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy. [4][5][6] Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE), a soft and biocompatible material, has demonstrated its applicability in numerous biomedical device energy generators. 7,8 We define two sets of requirements for PVDF-TrFE based energy generators for biomedical devices: First, sufficient energy output given limited space for power supply components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase tuning of porous PVDF-TrFE film on flexible substrate for energy harvesting

Chen

Brown

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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Emerging wearable and implantable biomedical energy harvesting devices demand efficient power conversion, flexible structures, and lightweight construction. This paper presents Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) micro-porous structures, which can be tuned to specific mechanical flexibilities and optimized for piezoelectric power conversion. Specifically, the water vapor phase separation method was developed to control microstructure formation, pore diameter, porosity, and mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of the piezoelectric layer to supporting layer Young's modulus ratio, through using both analytical calculation and experimentation. Both structure flexibility and stress-induced voltage were considered in the analyses. Specification of electromechanical coupling efficiency, made possible by carefully designed three-dimensional porous structures, was shown to increase the power output by five-fold relative to uncoupled structures. Therefore, flexible PVDF-TrFE films with tunable microstructures, paired with substrates of different rigidities, provide highly efficient designs of compact piezoelectric energy generating devices.

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“…In addition, to comply with the diverse applications in the IoE, including miniaturized devices (eg, sensors, portable digital electronics, and wearable electronics) and large equipment for industrial applications (eg, electric vehicles (EVs) and grid‐scale stationary energy storage), the energy density and lifetime of the power supply units should be of great concern. Moreover, benefiting from independent operation and economic and environmental advantages, self‐power technologies demonstrate great promise in sustainable applications in the IoE . Therefore, developing efficient power supply systems with high output performance, long lifetime, and self‐power ability is important to ensure the IoE network's sustainable and maintenance‐free operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, benefiting from independent operation and economic and environmental advantages, self-power technologies demonstrate great promise in sustainable applications in the IoE. 15 Therefore, developing efficient power supply systems with high output performance, long lifetime, and self-power ability is important to ensure the IoE network's sustainable and maintenance-free operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the development of power supplies for the Internet of Everything

Fan

Liu

et al. 2019

InfoMat

105

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The Internet of Everything (IoE), which aims to realize information exchange and communications for anything with the Internet, has revolutionized our modern world. Serving as the driving force for devices in the IoE network, power supply systems play a fundamental role in the development of the IoE. However, due to the complexity, multifunctionality and wide‐scale deployment of diverse applications, power supply systems face great challenges, including distribution, connection, charging technologies, and management. In this review, some challenges and advances in the development of both power supply systems and their units are presented. In the overall system‐level field, establishing sustainable and maintenance‐free power supply systems through wireless connections, efficient power management and integrated energy harvesting and storage systems is highlighted. Additionally, the main performance metrics of power supply units are discussed, including energy density, service life, and self‐power ability. In addition, some directions of power quality assessment for both the system and unit levels of power supply systems are presented, aiming to provide insight into the future development of high‐performance power supply systems for the IoE.

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High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered nanosystems: quantitative standards and figures of merit

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited within porous polycarbonate templates for vibrational energy harvesting

Vertically aligned zinc oxide nanowires electrodeposited within porous polycarbonate templates for vibrational energy harvesting

Liquid-phase tuning of porous PVDF-TrFE film on flexible substrate for energy harvesting

Advances in the development of power supplies for the Internet of Everything

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