High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells of an Alternating Polyfluorene Copolymer and a Fullerene Derivative

Abstract

High-performance polymer solar cells of an alternating polyfluorene copolymer and a fullerene derivative Svensson,

Ternary thiophene–X–thiophene semiconductor building blocks (X=fluorene, carbazole, phenothiazine): Modulating electronic properties and electropolymerization ability by tuning the X core

“…Alternating copolymers of fluorene, thiophene and benzothiadiazole or benzopyrazine (APFOs) have been widely studied by Inganäs et al [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The fluorene unit imparts to the material a fairly good stability and a high mobility.…”

Germafluorenes: New Heterocycles for Plastic Electronics

“…4 Along these lines, several other donor-acceptor low bandgap copolymers based on benzothiadiazoles have been synthesized. 5 Among them, some copolymers have been synthesized by using fluorenes, 6,7 carbazoles, 8,9 or dibenzosiloles 10,11 as electron-donating comonomers. Usually, with such bridged phenylene units, two thiophene units had to be added on both ends of the benzothiadiazole core to obtain relatively planar copolymers; such a coplanar structure should allow good charge transport properties.…”

“…ITO substrates were coated with a thin film (40 nm) of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) and then dried at 120°C for 60 min. A blend of [6,6]-phenyl C 70 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 70 BM) and polymer was solubilized in chloroform for PGFDTDPP (C 4 ) and PGFDTBT (C 8 ) for 24 h and in ODCB for PGFDTBT for 4 days and filtered through a 1 μm poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) filter, and the films were finally spin-coated on the substrates. The resulting films were dried for at least 24 h. Finally, the devices were put under reduced pressure at room temperature for 12 h. The devices were completed by deposition of 20 nm of lithium fluoride and 1200 nm of aluminum.…”

“…8 The synthesis of the DTBT comonomer was done using an already known procedure. 6 Homopolymer PGF (C 4 ) was synthesized using a Yamamoto coupling 25 of compound 5, but the resulting polymer is insoluble. Because of the solubility problem with the homopolymer bearing butyl side chains, we wanted to make more soluble polygermafluorenes by using compound 6 under the same conditions.…”

Alternating Copolymers and Alternative Device Geometries for Organic Photovoltaics

“…An early polymer using the main chain polymer fluorene, with comonomers of donor-acceptordonor segments of different chemical identity, gave promising results of high photovoltages (Svensson et al 2003). Later developments within the family of this main chain polymer have greatly extended optical absorption properties to long wavelengths (1 lm) and matched electronic structure to the need for generating charge in blends with the fullerenes, C60 or C70 derivatives.…”