High-performance radiation stable ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer transparent conductive electrode

Sharma, Vikas; Kumar, Parmod; Kumar, Ashish; Surbhi, .; Asokan, K.; Sachdev, K.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2017.05.009

Cited by 93 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The bare metal mesh (Au‐Ag) from Hamelia leaf template shows 80% transmittance in the visible resign and the transmittance enhances up to 84% when mesh structure is embedded into the SnO 2 layers (Figure S6, Supporting Information). Our previous investigations also suggest that transition metal oxides are best materials for such structures …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The DMD structure is the best combination to get high electrical conductivity and optical transmittance with minimum loss . In a DMD, the embedded metal layer provides the electrical conductivity and the oxide layer enhances the optical property by reducing the reflectance . SnO 2 ‐Au‐Ag‐SnO 2 composite has the best resistivity 1.2 × 10 −4 Ω cm, mobility 4.09 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and carrier concentration 1.2696 × 10 22 cm −3 with the Au‐Ag metal grid between SnO 2 layers fabricated using Hamelia leaf vein structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties

Sepat

Sharma

Singh

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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etc. Macroscopic metal grids have been successfully developed and used as a front electrode for inorganic solar cells and are a potential replacement of thin metal films as transparent electrode (TE) in organic optoelectronic devices also. [19] They exhibit high visible light transparency due to the large open area between the thick lines of metals and high conductivity due to the continuity of mesh with metal lines crossing each other and reduced junction resistance. Tuning of the work function is also possible by selecting the metal. [20] Photolithography, nanolithography, or transfer printing methods have been employed to develop metal grid electrodes, which however are complicated and tedious processes. [21,22] Metal nanowires-based 1D network shows the high merit of optical and electrical properties on becoming an excellent transparent conducting electrode, but suffer from certain limitations such as rough surface finish, poor adhesion properties, change in properties with temperature variation. The bare Ag NW suffers from oxidation and melting issues when exposed to temperature and air during device fabrication and application. The best possible solution is to cover such a structure with high refractive index n-type materials with high thermal stability. The metal oxide is a suitable candidate to combine with such nanostructures. Hybrid structures (dielectric/metal NW/dielectric, DMD) have been used to resolve these issues. [3] Here, metal governs the electrical while dielectric layer improves optical properties of the hybrid structure. [23] This conventional DMD structure possesses adequate transparency in the visible region. These DMD structures due to high transparency and sufficient conductivity show great promise for their potential use in next-generation optoelectronic and energy devices. [24] Metal mesh is preferred over nanowires/macrowires because of less contact and junction resistance. [25] There are few reports of fabrication of metal nanostructure using soft lithography [9] and leaf structure [25] for energy and optoelectronics applications. [26] However, an extensive investigation is needed to test the structural properties and stability over a wide temperature range of such structures.The present research work reports the fabrication and study of bioinspired metal grid electrode. The electrode exhibits better, 1D metal network is one of the promising alternatives of the conventional transparent conducting electrode (TCE) viz ITO/FTO. Bioinspired fabrication of junction resistance free metal grid structures is explored for their TCE applications. The leaf-based metal grid electrodes exhibit low DC resistivity (10 −5 -10 −4 Ω cm) and high optical transparency (80-90%) in the visible spectrum. The leaf vein structures are varied to obtain better optoelectronic properties. Finally, a multilayered stacked structure (SnO 2 -Ag-Au-SnO 2 ) is deposited on a poly ethyl terephthalate substrate and low-to high-temperature electrical stability is demonstrated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results are...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties

Sepat

Sharma

Singh

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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“…Dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) multilayers are alternative TCE structures that consist of an extremely thin metal film sandwiched between two dielectric layers. The thin metal layer facilitates the charge transport while the dielectric layers, usually made from metal oxides, enhance the transparency thanks to their high refractive indices enabling favorable index‐matching conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MoO _x /Ag/MoO _x multilayers as hole transport transparent conductive electrodes for n‐type crystalline silicon solar cells

et al. 2020

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Summary Substitution of highly doped layers with conventional transparent conductive electrodes as carrier collecting and selective contacts in conventional crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cell configurations is crucial in increasing affordability of solar cells by lowering material costs. In this study, oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) multilayers featuring molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and silver (Ag) thin films are developed by thermal evaporation technique, as dopant‐free hole transport transparent conductive electrodes (HTTCEs) for n‐type c‐Si solar cells. Semidopant‐free asymmetric heterocontact (semi‐DASH) solar cells on n‐type c‐Si utilizing OMO multilayers are fabricated. The effect of outer MoOx layer thickness and Ag deposition rate on the photovoltaic characteristics of the fabricated semi‐DASH solar cells are investigated. A comparison of front side pyramid textured and flat surface solar cells is performed to optimize the optical and electrical properties. Highest efficiency of 9.3% ± 0.2% is achieved in a pyramid textured semi‐DASH c‐Si solar cell with 15/10/30 nm of HTTCE structure.

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“…Compared with TiO 2 , the electron mobility in ZnO is higher, which can reduce the electron transfer time in the film (de Jongh and Vanmaekelbergh, 1996). In addition, ZnO and its doping have been widely used in solar cells (Shen et al, 2019), pressure-sensitive devices (Chen et al, 2016), and transparent conductive electrodes (Sharmma et al, 2017) due to its excellent photoelectric performance. Gao et al (2011) fabricated highly transparent and superhydrophobic ZnO nanorod arrays on glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiO2 Coated on ZnO Nanorod Arrays With UV-Durable Superhydrophobicity and Highly Transmittance on Glass

Zou

Wei

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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ZnO nanorod arrays were fabricated on glass through hydrothermal way. Then a thin SiO 2 film was covered on ZnO nanorod arrays using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, and modified by stearic acid. It was found that SiO 2 film only had slight effects on the contact angle and transmittance of ZnO nanorod arrays. However, it had brought a huge improvement in the UV durability of superhydrophobic ZnO nanorod arrays. The results showed that the water contact angle remains constantly at 160.5 • even UV irradiation time exceeded 50 h when the deposition time of PLD was about 10 min. This structure with UV-durable superhydrophobicity and highly transmittance on glass substrate can be served as front materials in solar cells.

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High-performance radiation stable ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer transparent conductive electrode

Cited by 93 publications

References 66 publications

Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties

Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties

MoO _x /Ag/MoO _x multilayers as hole transport transparent conductive electrodes for n‐type crystalline silicon solar cells

SiO2 Coated on ZnO Nanorod Arrays With UV-Durable Superhydrophobicity and Highly Transmittance on Glass

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High-performance radiation stable ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer transparent conductive electrode

Cited by 93 publications

References 66 publications

Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties

Bioinspired Metal Mesh Structure with Significant Electrical and Optical Properties

MoO x /Ag/MoO x multilayers as hole transport transparent conductive electrodes for n‐type crystalline silicon solar cells

SiO2 Coated on ZnO Nanorod Arrays With UV-Durable Superhydrophobicity and Highly Transmittance on Glass

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MoO _x /Ag/MoO _x multilayers as hole transport transparent conductive electrodes for n‐type crystalline silicon solar cells