High performance silicon free-standing anodes fabricated by low-pressure and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition onto carbon nanotube electrodes

Forney, Michael W.; DiLeo, Roberta A.; Raisanen, A.; Ganter, Matthew J.; Staub, Jason W.; Rogers, Ryan; Ridgley, Richard D.; Landi, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.11.109

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They proposed that the latter method is better for the freestanding Si-CNT anode to get a high extraction capacity at a low Si consumption, which makes the battery competitive in price. 159 Another ingenious self-supported anode was designed by Ji et al 160 They prepared a Si/graphene/UGF composite in which Si NPs encapsulated in graphene cover a UGF (ultrathingraphite foam) surface using aqueous suspensions. In addition to the strengths of graphene, the foam graphite surface not only guarantees good electronic contact in the electrode, but also does not require massive Si loading.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: principle, recent progress and future perspectives

et al. 2017

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As the most commonly used potential energy conversion and storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively investigated for a wide range of fields including information technology, electric and hybrid vehicles, aerospace, etc. Endowed with attractive properties such as high energy density, long cycle life, small size, low weight, few memory effects and low pollution, LIBs have been recognized as the most likely approach to be used to store electrical power in the future. This review will start with a brief introduction to charge-discharge principles and performance assessment indices. The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly studied anode materials including carbon, alloys, transition metal oxides and silicon along with lithium intercalation will be reviewed. The mechanism and synthesis methods, followed by strategies to enhance battery performance by virtue of interesting structural designs will be examined. Finally, a few issues needing further exploration will be discussed followed by a brief outline of the prospects and outlook for the LIB field.

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confidence: 99%

Nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: principle, recent progress and future perspectives

et al. 2017

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“…Due to the 3-dimensionality of the bulk CNT network within an electrode, the volume changes of bismuth associated with charge and discharge cycles may be accommodated without a net loss of Bi-CNT electrical contact, especially since this general phenomenon has been observed with other anode materials such as silicon and germanium in lithium based batteries. [17][18][19][20][21][22] In addition to current collection, the CNT substrate is lighter weight and much more corrosion resistant than metal foils and the 3-D nature of the CNT substrate allows for electrolyte and ion access. 23,24 The weight reduction by eliminating metal foils can be significant where up to 76% electrode weight savings at the cell level can be realized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Composite Anodes for Secondary Magnesium Ion Batteries Prepared via Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Bismuth on Carbon Nanotube Substrates

DiLeo

Zhang

Marschilok

et al. 2014

ECS Electrochemistry Letters

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Magnesium-ion batteries are attractive in part due to the high environmental abundance and low cost of magnesium metal. Anode materials other than Mg metal can provide access to new electrochemistries in non-corrosive Mg 2+ electrolytes. A cyclic voltammetric method for the preparation of bismuth (Bi) based anodes was developed by systematically exploring electrodeposition using a quartz crystal microbalance. Controlled deposition of Bi on carbon nanotubes substrates could be achieved, enabling the first electrochemical investigation of bismuth-carbon nanotube (Bi-CNT) composite electrodes. Quasi-reversible Mg electrochemistry of Bi-CNT composite electrodes in non-corrosive magnesium-based electrolyte was demonstrated, with an initial delivered capacity exceeding 180 mAh/g. While the initial capacities were high, significant capacity decreases were observed with repeated cycling, indicating that additional development is warranted to further optimize this system. Interest in magnesium-ion batteries as possible replacements for lithium-ion batteries remains high, in part due to the low cost and high earth abundance of magnesium.1-5 Much of the research to date employs magnesium metal as the anode, given the high theoretical volumetric capacity of 3832 mAh/cm 3 and non-dendritic electrochemical behavior associated with magnesium metal.3,6 However, several challenges remain for full implementation of a magnesium anode battery technology. The surface of magnesium metal when exposed to conventional electrolytes based on carbonates does not generate a surface that is readily electrochemically stripped and plated, which has been attributed to the formation of a non-ion conducting layer on the metal surface. [6][7][8] In order to address the surface issues of the magnesium new classes of electrolytes have been investigated. [8][9][10] However, these electrolytes are typically corrosive and may display significant volatility.11-14 Thus, an alternative anode to magnesium metal that may enable use of less corrosive electrolytes is desirable.Recent reports have investigated the use of bismuth metal as an anode material in magnesium based batteries. 15,16 Assuming six electron equivalents of bismuth oxidation to form magnesium bismuthide, (3Mg 2+ + 2Bi + 6e − Mg 3 Bi 2 ) translates to a theoretical capacity of 385 mAh/g Bi, Figure 1. As bismuth is a dense material (9.8 g/cm 3 ), a significant volume expansion (25-40% increase in Bi-Bi bond length for Mg 3 Bi 2 ) is required to accommodate Mg 2+ insertion and thus loss of contact to the current collecting electrode substrate upon repeated cycling may occur.Matsui and coworkers demonstrated capacities of ∼240 mAh/g for electrodeposited bismuth in corrosive alkylmagnesium/ alkylaluminum chloride based electrolyte.15 Proof of concept quasi-reversible electrochemistry for electrodeposited bismuth in acetonitrile/Mg(TFSI) 2 based electrolyte was also provided, however, only one cycle was shown and the capacity under this condition was not reported. 15 Liu and coworkers reported ∼3...

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“…[7] CNT sheet materials also outperform metallic foils and metallic braided wires on a per weight basis while operating within specification when used as the outer conductor in coaxial wires [3,8] and as active material supports for high capacity materials in lithium ion battery electrodes. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Despite their functional and weight saving advantages, making electrical and mechanical contacts to CNT electrodes, wires, and cables is a necessary step for adoption. [7] A functional connection between CNTs to metals or CNTs to CNTs must be both mechanically and electrically robust.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Welding of Bulk Carbon Nanotube Conductors

et al. 2014

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Incorporation of bulk carbon nanotube (CNT) conductors into energy and data systems can require new methods of making a functional interface with low electrical contact resistance and high mechanical strength. Ultrasonic welding has been shown as a viable technique for mechanically and electrically bonding commercial CNT materials (CVD) to copper foil. The mechanical strength across the ultrasonic welds was measured via dynamic mechanical analysis with single lap welds exceeding 350 kPa. The electrical properties of the ultrasonically welded bulk CNTconductors (chemically doped with KAuBr 4 ) to Cu were measured via 4-point probe and show specific contact resistance between the CNTs and copper as low as 4.3 mV cm 2 . Thus, ultrasonic welding represents a mechanically robust method for making functional contacts between bulk CNTs and metallic interconnects with a low contact resistance. In addition, ultrasonic welding was successfully used to join two CNT ribbons end-to-end (breaking strength of single lap welds exceeding 200 kPa) demonstrating that it is also a viable technique for making larger dimension CNT materials from smaller components.

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High performance silicon free-standing anodes fabricated by low-pressure and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition onto carbon nanotube electrodes

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: principle, recent progress and future perspectives

Nanostructured anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: principle, recent progress and future perspectives

Composite Anodes for Secondary Magnesium Ion Batteries Prepared via Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Bismuth on Carbon Nanotube Substrates

Ultrasonic Welding of Bulk Carbon Nanotube Conductors

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