High-performing, insensitive and thermally stable energetic materials from zwitterionicgem-dinitromethyl substituted C–C bonded 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole

Abstract

A series of gem-dinitromethyl substituted zwitterionic C-C bonded azole based energetic materials (3-8) were designed, synthesized, and characterized through NMR, IR, EA, and DSC. Further, structure of 5 confirmed with...

Straightforward Synthesis of Insensitive 2-(1-Hydroxy-2,2-dinitrovinyl)guanidine and Its Guanidinium Dinitromethanide Salt as a High Energy Density Material

“… a Onset decomposition temperature (DSC, 5 °C/min). b Pycnometer density at 25 °C. c Crystal density at 298 K (25 °C). d Crystal density at 100 K. e Computed heat of formation. f Detonation pressure. g Detonation velocity. h Impact sensitivity. i Friction sensitivity. j Nitrogen and oxygen percentage. k Specific impulse. l Ref . m Ref . n Ref . …”

“…These molecules consist of an energetic framework substituted with certain explosophoric groups (−N 3 , −NO 2 , −ONO 2 , −NHNO 2 , etc. ). − These days, the research is moving toward structural design, synthesis, and property optimization, as well as application development, together with the growing focus on safety and accessibility of energetic materials. − Researchers are constantly looking for novel, relatively safe energetic molecules that possess a high stored energy. The nitro-substituted methanides such as nitromethane, dinitromethane, trinitromethane, and tetranitromethane, as well as their derivatives, are crucial ingredients and intermediates in HEDMs. , However, most of them are often unstable and easily detonate through heat or impact, which restricts their applicability for defense and civilian fields in larger quantities.…”

Energetic coordination compounds: self-assembled from the nitrogen-rich energetic C–C bonded pyrazoles and triazoles

“…14,15 However, five-membered nitrogen-rich azoles are highly desirable as they offer vast chemical diversification with high energy content due to their positive enthalpy of formation. [16][17][18][19] Among all of them, pyrazoles and triazoles have emerged as interesting energetic backbones because of the various modifiable sites available, allowing them to have more functionalization, which will be appropriate for use as ligands in energetic coordination compounds. [20][21][22] In this study, we have used a (5), and [Zn(NPTN)(H 2 O) 3 ] 2 (6) under ambient conditions.…”

Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives

“…11,12 Recently, there has been a surge in the number of new energetic compounds based on nitrogen and oxygen-rich heterocyclic ring systems like azoles, oxadiazoles, pyrazine, tetrazene, etc. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Energetic materials with such nitrogen-based heterocyclic rings as their backbone are highly endothermic and considered environmentally friendly as they release non-toxic dinitrogen (N 2 ) gas after their decomposition. Therefore, recently, several heat-resistant explosives based on polynitrobenzene moieties connected to nitrogen-rich heterocyclic rings have been reported.…”