High photocurrent polycrystalline thin-film CdS/CuInSe2 solar cella

Mickelsen, R. A.; Chen, Wen S.

doi:10.1063/1.91491

Cited by 124 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…A typical CuInSe 2 (CIS) or Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) based solar cell comprises a glass/Mo/(CIS/CIGS)/CdS/i-ZnO/ZnO heterojunction with the molybdenum film being used as a back contact layer [1]. The reason is partially historic and partly scientific [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-structured morphological features of pulsed direct current magnetron sputtered Mo films for photovoltaic applications

2011

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Nano-structured morphological features of pulsed direct current magnetron sputtered Mo films for photovoltaic applications, Thin Solid Films (2011Films ( ), doi: 10.1016Films ( /j.tsf.2011 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 based solar cells and as such the properties of these layers play an important role in the overall cell structure. This paper describes the production of molybdenum films using pulsed d.c magnetron sputtering from compressed molybdenum powder targets. The films were deposited at different substrate temperatures under constant power and constant current modes, and analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and four point resistance probe. Mechanical strain and resistivity were found to decrease with substrate temperature together with a shift in the (110) crystallographic plane towards higher diffraction angles. All films were well adhered to the glass substrates irrespective of their high tensile strain. Surface morphology analysis revealed the presence of nano-structured stress relief patterns which can enhance the nucleation sites for subsequent CuInSe 2 deposition. A high-resolution cross sectional image showed the columnar growth of the films. Surface roughness analysis revealed that roughness increased with increase in substrate temperature. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT KeywordsMolybdenum films, Pulsed D.C. Magnetron Sputtering, nano-structured stress relief pattern, powder sputtering, back contact layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-structured morphological features of pulsed direct current magnetron sputtered Mo films for photovoltaic applications

2011

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“…[40] Boeing Corporation developed the first efficient (10 %) thin-film devices in the early 1980s using a vacuum-based three-source coevaporation process. [41] With some modifications (multistage rather than a two-stage method) it is still the record-performance process used today. [4] Evaporation approaches facilitate achieving high efficiencies because of the possibility to control elemental fluxes during high-temperature reactions.…”

Section: Chalcopyrite-based Absorber Materials and Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices

Todorov¹,

Mitzi²

2009

Eur J Inorg Chem

223

160

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Liquid deposition approaches for chalcopyrite films used in thin-film photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Most of the targeted materials are based on Cu-In or Cu-In-Ga sulfides and selenides (i.e., CIS or CIGS, respectively), although recently related alternative materials based on abundant and nontoxic elements such as the kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 have been actively investigated. By direct liquid coating we refer collectively to a variety of techniques characterized by distributing a liquid or a paste to the surface of a substrate, followed by necessary thermal/chemical treatments to achieve the desired phase. The deposition media used are solutions or particle (usually submicrometer size) suspensions of metal oxide, organic and inorganic compounds, including metal chalcogenide species. The deposition techniques used are mainly printing and spin-coating, although any standard process such as

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“…The biggest, confirmed today for SC based on CdS/CdTe, is 16,5% efficiency in which CdS film was chemically deposited in bath (Green at al., 2011). Entering highly resistive CdS film in p-CuInSe 2 /CdS/n-CdS solar cell structure deemed necessary step towards improving of the solar cells stability (Mickelsen & Chen, 1980). Performed theoretical calculations (Rothwarf, 1982) showed that the thickness of CBD CdS films should be as small as possible to increase efficiency of solar cells with its use.…”

Section: Peculiarities Of Chemical Bath Deposition (Cbd)mentioning

confidence: 99%