High Potency of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Oliva, Alessandra; Costantini, S.; M, De Angelis; Garzoli, Stefania; Božović, Mijat; Mascellino, Maria Teresa; Vullo,; Ragno, Rino

doi:10.3390/molecules23102584

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Besides the impact of the DFM, phytogenic feed additives may have an effect on the prevalence of ESBL-PE [47,48]. A reduction of ESBL-PE prevalence was observed both qualitatively and quantitatively in the presence of the phytogenic products in cecal contents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Impact of Direct-Fed Microbials and Phytogenic Feed Additives on Prevalence and Transfer of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Broiler Chicken

et al. 2020

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Poultry frequently account for the highest prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in livestock. To investigate the impact of direct-fed microbials (DFM) and phytobiotic feed additives on prevalence and conjugation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, an animal trial was conducted. Lactobacillus agilis LA73 and Lactobacillus salivarius LS1 and two commercial phytogenic feed additives (consisting of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol) were used as feed additives either alone or as a combination of DFM and phytogenic feed additive. An ESBL-producing E. coli donor and a potentially pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium recipient were inoculated at 5 × 109 cells/mL in cecal contents from 2-week-old broilers. Conjugation frequencies were determined after 4 h aerobic co-incubation at 37 °C and corrected for the impact of the sample matrix on bacterial growth of donor and recipient. Surprisingly, indigenous Enterobacteriaceae acted as recipients instead of the anticipated Salmonella recipient. The observed increase in conjugation frequency was most obvious in the groups fed the combinations of DFM and phytogenic product, but merely up to 0.6 log units. Further, cecal samples were examined for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae on five consecutive days in broilers aged 27–31 days. All samples derived from animals fed the experimental diet showed lower ESBL-prevalence than the control. It is concluded that Lactobacillus spp. and essential oils may help to reduce the prevalence of ESBL-harboring plasmids in broilers, while the effect on horizontal gene transfer is less obvious.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Impact of Direct-Fed Microbials and Phytogenic Feed Additives on Prevalence and Transfer of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Broiler Chicken

et al. 2020

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“…Scientists have also found that the solubility of EO in water allowed them to decipher how EOs penetrated the cell wall of microbes; in other words EOs, being soluble in the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer, diffuse through the membrane [74]. A study done using the EO of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) against MDR gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae) and methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) showed that there is a bactericidal effect of tea tree EO on these microorganisms [75]. This indicated that the EO can be used to kill resistant bacteria [74].…”

Section: Use Of Essential Oils Against Multidrug-resistant Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synergistic interaction is when the effect of the combined chemicals is greater than the effect of a chemical alone; additive interaction is when the sum of two chemicals is equal to the sum of chemical effect alone, while antagonism is when the whole effect of the two chemicals is less than the sum of effect of a single chemical alone [86]. In a study performed using the tea tree EO against the MDR bacteria, when a combination of tea tree EO with antibiotic (e.g., oxacillin) was tested on the bacteria, in particular the MRSA, a high synergistic index in the sub-inhibitory concentration was recorded [75]. This indicates that the EO can be used to overcome bacterial resistance to antibiotic.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actions With Antibioticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oils: Partnering with Antibiotics

Aljaafari¹,

Alhosani²,

Abushelaibi³

et al. 2020

Essential Oils - Oils of Nature

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Essential oils (EO) are volatile, non-lipid-based oils produced as a plant defense mechanism. Studies from our group have validated the potential usefulness of EOs to synergistically and additively work with antibiotics. In this book chapter, we aim to outline some background on the EOs and their uses and applications, to discuss the different mechanisms of action in partnering with antibiotics, and, finally, to explore their potential use against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Applications of EO in therapy will enable the revival of previously sidelined antibiotics and enhance the development of new drug regimens to better mitigate what may be the biggest health challenge by year 2050.

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“…When the TTO contains 30% to 40% of terpinen-4-ol, identified as the most effective antimicrobial component, it is referred to as terpinen-4-ol chemotype [21,22]. TTO possesses antimicrobial properties also against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [23,24]. Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus (1753, Lamiaceae), is a plant native to the Mediterranean area, but cultivated worldwide, known for its nutritional value and pharmacological properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic and antimicrobial) [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of the Mucosal Toxicity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Essential Oils on Novel Porcine Uterus Models

Bertocchi

Rigillo

Elmi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Antimicrobial resistance, an ever-growing global crisis, is strongly linked to the swine production industry. In previous studies, Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils have been evaluated for toxicity on porcine spermatozoa and for antimicrobial capabilities in artificial insemination doses, with the future perspective of their use as antibiotic alternatives. The aim of the present research was to develop and validate in vitro and ex vivo models of porcine uterine mucosa for the evaluation of mucosal toxicity of essential oils. The in vitro model assessed the toxicity of a wider range of concentrations of both essential oils (from 0.2 to 500 mg/mL) on sections of uterine tissue, while the ex vivo model was achieved by filling the uterine horns. The damage induced by the oils was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) permeability assay and histologically. The expression of ZO-1, a protein involved in the composition of tight junctions, was assessed through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis. The results showed that low concentrations (0.2–0.4 mg/mL) of both essential oils, already identified as non-spermicidal but still antimicrobial, did not alter the structure and permeability of the swine uterine mucosa. Overall, these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a safe use of essential oils in inseminating doses of boar to replace antibiotics.

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High Potency of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil against Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 69 publications

References 52 publications

The Impact of Direct-Fed Microbials and Phytogenic Feed Additives on Prevalence and Transfer of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Broiler Chicken

The Impact of Direct-Fed Microbials and Phytogenic Feed Additives on Prevalence and Transfer of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes in Broiler Chicken

Essential Oils: Partnering with Antibiotics

Preliminary Assessment of the Mucosal Toxicity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Essential Oils on Novel Porcine Uterus Models

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