High power all solid state laser system near 280 nm

Friedenauer, Axel; Markert, Frank; Schmitz, Hector; Petersen, L.; Kahra, Steffen; Herrmann, M. G.; Udem, Thomas; Hänsch, Theodor W.; Schätz, T.

doi:10.1007/s00340-006-2274-2

Cited by 50 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1(b). The beam of a fiber laser, frequency-quadrupled using two second harmonics generation (SHG) stages [33], is tuned Γ nat /2 below the 3S 1/2 to 3P 3/2 transition (natural line width Γ nat /(2π) = 41.8(4) MHz [34]) and aligned with a magnetic quantization field | B| ≃ 0.58 mT. The light is σ + -polarized and provides Doppler cooling to ≃ 1 mK and optical pumping into the state 3S 1/2 |F =3, m F =3 , where F and m F denote the total angular momentum quantum numbers of the valence electron.…”

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confidence: 99%

Decoherence-Assisted Spectroscopy of a SingleMg+Ion

Clos

Enderlein²,

Warring³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We describe a high-resolution spectroscopy method, in which the detection of single excitation events is enhanced by a complete loss of coherence of a superposition of two ground states. Thereby, transitions of a single isolated atom nearly at rest are recorded efficiently with high signal-to-noise ratios. Spectra display symmetric line shapes without stray-light background from spectroscopy probes. We employ this method on a 25 Mg + ion to measure one, two, and three-photon transition frequencies from the 3S ground state to the 3P, 3D, and 4P excited states, respectively. Our results are relevant for astrophysics and searches for drifts of fundamental constants. Furthermore, the method can be extended to other transitions, isotopes, and species. The currently achieved fractional frequency uncertainty of 5 × 10 −9 is not limited by the method.Quantum systems that are well isolated from their environments, e.g., tailored solid-state systems, photons, and trapped atoms, offer a high level of control [1]. Over the past decades, several experimental methods have been devised for quantum control of single trapped ions [2][3][4]. Developments are driven by the urge to make more accurate and precise clocks [5,6] as well as to address questions in different fields of research, e.g., properties of highly charged ions [7,8], ion-neutral collisions [9][10][11][12], molecular physics [13][14][15], and tests of fundamental physics [16][17][18][19][20]. High-resolution spectroscopy measurements [21][22][23][24][25] are of particular interest for studying spatial and temporal fine structure variations of the universe [26][27][28]. In such experiments, complex atomic and molecular structures need to be probed by singleor multi-photon transitions in isotopically pure samples revealing undisturbed transition line shapes. Weak transitions in trapped ions can be measured with various methods [3,6], and techniques based on the detection of momentum kicks altering the occupation of motional states from few absorbed photons have been developed that are applicable to strong electric dipole transitions as well [25,29]. In this Letter, we experimentally study single-and multi-photon transitions in a single, laser cooled 25 Mg + ion that can be near-perfectly isolated from its environment. We detect the decoherence of a superposition of two electronic ground states due to single scattering events and determine transition frequencies which are relevant for astrophysics and searches for variations of fundamental constants [30,31] with a fractional uncertainty of 5 × 10 −9 .For a simplified description of the method, consider an atom with three states. Two of these states, labeled |↑ and |↓ , which are long-lived and allow for coherent control, are used to study transitions to a third, excited state |e . After preparation in |↑ , a π/2 pulse on the |↑ → |↓ transition creates a superposition state |ψ ≡ 1 √ 2 (|↑ + |↓ ). A spectroscopy pulse probes the couplings |↑ → |e and |↓ → |e during a delay period τ . To decouple the superposition state ...

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confidence: 99%

Decoherence-Assisted Spectroscopy of a SingleMg+Ion

Clos

Enderlein²,

Warring³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…While solid-state lasers have replaced gas and dye lasers in many spectral regions, some wavelengths have remained difficult to produce. In 2006, Friedenauer et al described a high-power, solid-state laser system for generating the 280 nm light needed to laser-cool and detect trapped 25 Mg + ions [10]. In their scheme, the output from a fiber laser at 1120 nm is frequencydoubled twice to produce 275 mW at 280 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

A 750-mW, continuous-wave, solid-state laser source at 313 nm for cooling and manipulating trapped 9Be+ ions

et al. 2011

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We present a solid-state laser system that generates 750 mW of continuous-wave single-frequency output at 313 nm. Sum-frequency generation with fiber lasers at 1550 nm and 1051 nm produces up to 2 W at 626 nm. This visible light is then converted to UV by cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation. The laser output can be tuned over a 495 GHz range, which includes the 9 Be + laser cooling and repumping transitions. This is the first report of a narrow-linewidth laser system with sufficient power to perform fault-tolerant quantum-gate operations with trapped 9 Be + ions by use of stimulated Raman transitions. IntroductionTwo of the primary objectives in quantum information processing and computing, are scaling to large numbers of quantum gates, and achieving fault-tolerant gate operation [1][2]. A promising approach to achieving both objectives is to use trapped ions, in which the quantum information is encoded on internal atomic states [3]. Efforts to improve ion-trap scalability have focused on multizone arrays [4][5], with complex surface-electrode geometries that provide multiple trapping zones [6]. These traps include control electrodes that enable the shuttling of ions between zones that are used to perform gate operations, state detection, and information storage. For fault-tolerant two-qubit (quantum bit) gate operations, error-correction protocols have been proposed [7][8], but these require a sufficiently low error per gate (typically assumed to be less that 10 -4 ), and this threshold has not yet been achieved. In one approach, qubits are encoded into ground-state hyperfine states, since these are very well isolated from environmental effects that cause memory error. However, gate operations are usually performed via optical transitions with laser beams, leading to spontaneous emission that dominates gate error. Spontaneous emission is reduced by a large detuning from atomic resonance, but then higher laser powers required to maintain the gate speed. For example, Ozeri et al. calculate that with the commonly trapped ion species of 9 Be + , 25 Mg + , and 43 Ca + , in order to reach the fault-tolerant regime for a two-qubit phase gate, one needs narrow-linewidth, continuous-wave (cw) laser power in the range of 140 mW to 540 mW (and detuning from atomic resonance on the THz scale) [9].The most challenging aspect of developing laser sources for this purpose is that most of the wavelengths are in the UV region. For trapped 43 Ca + ions, the required 729 nm or 397 nm light can be generated directly with semiconductor lasers; but for the shorter wavelengths needed for most other trapped-ion species, the traditional approach has been to frequency-double the visible output from a ring dye laser. While solid-state lasers have replaced gas and dye lasers in many spectral regions, some wavelengths have remained difficult to produce. [11]. Their setup includes a frequencydoubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, a titanium sapphire laser at 760 nm, and sum-frequency generation (SFG) in an enhancement cavity resona...

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“…For preparation, manipulation and detection of the electronic and motional states we employ laser beams with wavelengths close to 280 nm [22]. All beams propagate parallel to the surface (xy-plane).…”

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Motional-mode analysis of trapped ions

et al. 2016

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We present two methods for characterization of motional-mode configurations that are generally applicable to the weak and strong-binding limit of single or multiple trapped atomic ions. Our methods are essential to realize control of the individual as well as the common motional degrees of freedom. In particular, when implementing scalable radio-frequency trap architectures with decreasing ion-electrode distances, local curvatures of electric potentials need to be measured and adjusted precisely, e.g., to tune phonon tunneling and control effective spin-spin interaction. We demonstrate both methods using single 25 Mg + ions that are individually confined 40 µm above a surface-electrode trap array and prepared close to the ground state of motion in three dimensions. [14], yielding increasing interaction strengths by decreasing system length scales. Correspondingly, higher-order terms need to be considered, in order to enable precise control of interaction potentials. For example, in microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap arrays [15-17] local potentials, dominated by applied electric trapping potentials, define motional modes. For envisioned quantum simulations, motional degrees of freedom can be exploited either within individual sites or between different sites. This, in turn, requires adjustment of motional-mode configurations, i.e., individual orientation of the normal-mode vectors and related motional frequencies, to enable individual, tunable inter-site interactions [17]. In this letter, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate two distinct methods for the analysis of motional-mode configurations that are generally applicable to the weak and strong-binding limit. For the latter, we cool single ions close to the ground state of motion in three dimensions.To introduce our system, we consider a single ion with charge Q and mass m, harmonically bound in three di-

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High power all solid state laser system near 280 nm

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Decoherence-Assisted Spectroscopy of a SingleMg+Ion

Decoherence-Assisted Spectroscopy of a SingleMg+Ion

A 750-mW, continuous-wave, solid-state laser source at 313 nm for cooling and manipulating trapped 9Be+ ions

Motional-mode analysis of trapped ions

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