High-Power Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries for Customized Electronic Devices

Abstract

Wireless electronic devices require small, rechargeable batteries that can be rapidly designed and fabricated in customized form factors for shape conformable integration. Here, we demonstrate an integrated design and manufacturing method for aqueous zinc-ion batteries composed of polyaniline (PANI)-coated carbon fiber (PANI/CF) cathodes, laser micromachined zinc (Zn) anodes, and porous separators that are packaged within three-dimensional printed geometries, including rectangular, cylindrical, H-, and ring-shapes. The PANI/CF cathode possesses high surface area and conductivity giving rise to high rate (∼600 C) performance. Due to outstanding stability of Zn-PANI batteries against oxygen and moisture, they exhibit long cycling stability in an aqueous electrolyte solution. As exemplar, we demonstrated rechargeable battery packs with tunable voltage and capacity using stacked electrodes that are integrated with electronic components in customized wearable devices.

Organic Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Zinc Batteries: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Perspectives

“…Notably, the Zn–PANAC battery exhibits a high discharge capacity of 306.3 mAh g −1 at a current density of 1 mA cm −2 , which is one of the highest values reported among zinc batteries employing conducting polymers, as well as numerous other aqueous zinc batteries. Moreover, this new battery can output an average discharge voltage of 1.15 V, in contrast with that of the Zn–PANI counterpart (1.05 V) and Zn–PANI battery (1.10 V) . The cyclability of the Zn–PANAC battery at 2 mA cm −2 is presented in Figure c, in which a decent cycling durability with a capacity retention rate of 73.0 % and a high CE of about 95.0 % over 1100 cycles can be observed, surpassing the cycling stability of the Zn–PANI battery (capacity retention rate of 44.3 %) and other aqueous zinc batteries.…”

Zinc based micro‐electrochemical energy storage devices: Present status and future perspective

“…For wearable and flexible MESDs, customized battery with specified capacity and voltage was crucial for certain applications. As exemplified, aqueous Zn//PANI ZIMBs 111 were established by packaging with vertically stacked and interconnected electrodes. And an integrated photosensor was constructed, constituted with a ring‐shaped battery, a photocell, a resistor (47 Ω), a transistor and a LED (Figure 7C).…”

“…D, Optical photographs of industrial weavability and knittability of Zn//NiCo MBs. C,D, Reproduced with permission 44,111 . Copyright 2017 and 2018, American Chemical Society.…”

One‐Dimensional MnO2 Nanowires Space‐Confined in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Zn2+ Storage Performance

“…It is of grave importance to find suitable cathode materials for Zn storage. At present, only a few materials are used as cathode electrodes for zinc-ion batteries: (1) Manganese-based materials, [4,[39][40][41][42] (2) Vanadium-based materials, [43][44][45][46][47] (3) Prussian blue analogs-based materials, [48] (4) Organic electrodes, [49,50] (5) Other Cathode Materials. [51,52] MnO 2 , as a representative energy storage material, has been widely concerned due to the structural tunability and Zn 2 + storage in ZIBs.…”