We have realized a 76 MHz white-light differential transmission spectroscopy system. The technique employs a Ti:sapphire laser oscillator and a tapered fiber to generate a white-light continuum spanning almost the full visible to near-infrared spectral range. Using acousto-optical modulation and subsequent lock-in detection, transient relative transmission changes as small as 10 −5 are detected. The method is applied to study the ultrafast gain dynamics of the active layer of a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser based on a multiple-quantum-well structure. © 2006 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 320.7130, 320.7140, 320.7150. The investigation of charge-carrier dynamics in semiconductor heterostructures is one of the most important applications of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. 1,2 Compared with pump-probe spectroscopy using a single wavelength, the use of a white-light probe pulse allows for much more insight into the underlying processes. For the investigation of semiconductor thin films for laser applications this is of particular importance, since the gain spectrum determines the device operation. The conventional approach for multiwavelength differential transmission spectroscopy is the use of an amplified femtosecond laser system to create a high-energy pump pulse that is focused onto a nonlinear medium to generate a white-light continuum. The drawbacks of this approach are the complexity and the high costs of such femtosecond laser amplifier systems. In another approach the use of an extremely short pulse ͑5 fs͒ as an ultrabroadband probe beam source was demonstrated.
3Recently, white-light continuum generation using unamplified Ti:sapphire laser oscillators was demonstrated with microstructured as well as tapered fibers.4,5 Tapered fibers are single-mode optical fibers drawn over a flame to form a region where the fiber diameter is significantly decreased over a certain length. Light of an incoming laser pulse is concentrated in the taper region. The main nonlinear effects for the white-light generation process are self-phase modulation, soliton splitting, Raman scattering, and four-wave mixing. 6 This remarkable simplification of the white-light generation process also opens up possibilities for less complex but powerful setups for pump-probe spectroscopy. Here we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the use of 76 MHz spectroscopy by means of the white light generated in a tapered fiber to study the gain dynamics in a semiconductor heterostructure.The structure under investigation is the gain region of a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL). These devices have recently emerged as an important class of semiconductor lasers because of their ability to generate near-transformlimited subpicosecond pulses at high average power and repetition rates of many gigahertz. 7,8 Their differential gain, gain bandwidth, and peak gain wavelength are a matter of current research.9-11 Using our novel spectroscopic setup, we report ultrafast measurements of the car...