High power density energy harvester with non-uniform cantilever structure due to high average strain distribution

Data-Driven Optimization of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters via Pattern Search Algorithm

“…Utilizing the well-described micromachining processes and experimental setup in our previous work [ 17 ], we first fabricated and tested four devices with different length PZT layers to validate the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven optimization strategy, and then, individually optimized the PZT length and the proof mass length intending to maximize output power and compared the optimized result with the previous works [ 18 , 23 ]. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 3 a.…”

“…Therefore, a variety of vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) with different structures have been proposed and studied [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Among these, the cantilever structure is widely used due to structure simplicity and the high average strain obtained by a given input force [ 2 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…He et al [ 22 ] and Jia et al [ 23 ] proposed that the optimal mass-beam length ratio is 0.6~0.7 within linear response. Hu et al [ 18 ] investigated the optimal length of the piezoelectric layers based on theoretical analysis, FEM simulation and experimental verification, from which they discovered that the optimal length ratio of piezoelectric layers and the beam is approximately 0.2. Furthermore, Hu et al [ 18 ] also reported that the optimal PZT layout length decreases as cantilever width increases.…”

“…Hu et al [ 18 ] investigated the optimal length of the piezoelectric layers based on theoretical analysis, FEM simulation and experimental verification, from which they discovered that the optimal length ratio of piezoelectric layers and the beam is approximately 0.2. Furthermore, Hu et al [ 18 ] also reported that the optimal PZT layout length decreases as cantilever width increases. However, investigations on various geometric parameters in the studies above constitute single-variable optimization.…”

Performance enhancement of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters by sizing analysis

“…To address the issue, researchers always have been attempting to reach to higher performance using different practical methods such as modification of shape, size, material properties, and damping [11][12][13][14][15]. There were also other researchers who adopted different strategies to broaden the frequency range and improve the power output [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Optimization of the active electrode area in order to maximize output is another important strategy illustrated by [23][24][25].…”