High power iron phosphate cathodes by atomic layer deposition

Brennhagen, Anders; Kvamme, Kristian Breivik; Sverdlilje, Katja S. S.; Nilsen, Ola

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115377

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gandrud et al59 and Brennhagen et al60 also successfully deposited (non-lithiated) iron phosphate, but this was done by using Fe(thd) 3 as iron precursor rather than FeCp 2 or FeCl Tin phosphate. The need for a highly reactive co-reactant after the TMP pulse was also discussed by Park et al,41 who reported deposition of tin phosphate using TDMASn and TMP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic layer deposition of metal phosphates

Henderick

Dhara

Werbrouck

et al. 2022

Applied Physics Reviews

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Because of their unique structural, chemical, optical and biological properties, metal phosphate coatings are highly versatile for various applications. Thermodynamically facile and favorable functionalization of phosphate moieties (like orthophosphates, metaphosphates, pyrophosphates, phosphorus-doped oxides...) make them highly sought-after functional materials as well. Being a sequential self-limiting technique, atomic layer deposition has been used for producing high quality conformal coatings with sub-nanometer control. In this review, different atomic layer deposition based strategies used for the deposition of phosphate materials are discussed. The mechanisms underlying those strategies are discussed, highlighting advantages and limitations of specific process chemistries. In a second part, the application of metal phosphates deposited through atomic layer deposition in energy storage and other emerging technologies such as electrocatalysis, biomedical or luminescence applications are summarized. Next to this, perspectives on untangled knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research are also emphasized.1

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic layer deposition of metal phosphates

Henderick

Dhara

Werbrouck

et al. 2022

Applied Physics Reviews

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“…47 For the operando measurement, the background (empty operando cell) was subtracted in pdfgetx3 (through pdfgetx3_gui.py 47 ) with a background scale of 1. Cu and Na peaks from the operando measurement were subtracted using a homemade Python script (peakremoval_xy.py 48 ), where start and end values in Q were chosen The XRD data from ex situ measurements were converted to PDFs using pdfgetx3_gui.py by manually adjusting the background scale (for appropriate subtraction of the Ar-filled 1 mm capillary background) and with the same Q and r poly values as for the operando data. Rietveld refinements and fitting of PDF data were performed with Topas v6.…”

Section: Preparation Of Post-mortem Samples For Xrd and Xasmentioning

confidence: 99%

(De)sodiation Mechanism of Bi₂MoO₆ in Na-Ion Batteries Probed by Quasi-Simultaneous Operando PDF and XAS

Brennhagen,

Skurtveit,

Wragg

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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Operando characterization can reveal degradation processes in battery materials and are essential for the development of battery chemistries. This study reports the first use of quasisimultaneous operando pair distribution function (PDF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a battery cell, providing a detailed, atomic-level understanding of the cycling mechanism of Bi 2 MoO 6 as an anode material for Na-ion batteries. This material cycles via a combined conversion-alloying reaction, where electrochemically active, nanocrystalline Na x Bi particles embedded in an amorphous Na−Mo−O matrix are formed during the first sodiation. The combination of operando PDF and XAS revealed that Bi obtains a positive oxidation state at the end of desodiation, due to formation of Bi−O bonds at the interface between the Bi particles and the Na−Mo−O matrix. In addition, XAS confirmed that Mo has an average oxidation state of +6 throughout the (de)sodiation process and, thus, does not contribute to the capacity. However, the local environment of Mo 6+ changes from tetrahedral coordination in the desodiated state to distorted octahedral in the sodiated state. These structural changes are linked to the poor cycling stability of Bi 2 MoO 6 , as flexibility of this matrix allows movement and coalescence of the Na x Bi particles, which is detrimental to the electrochemical stability.

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“…To solve these problems, great efforts were taken into developing advanced microelectrode manufacturing methods. 54 Several deposition technologies, including physical vapor deposition (PVD), 55 pulsed laser deposition (PLD), 56 chemistry vapor deposition (CVD), 57 and atomic layer deposition (ALD), [57][58][59] have been adopted to fabricate micro-LIBs with laminated thin film structure. Among them, ALD is an effective method to manufacture high quality thin-film electrodes.…”

Section: Laminated Thin Film Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has the following advantages in fabrication of laminated thin lm structured micro-LIBs: (i) the chemisorption of precursors onto the substrate material ensures excellent adhesion; (ii) the selflimiting nature of the surface reaction makes it possible to automate the process without the need for precise dose control and continuous operator intervention; (iii) the ordered growth processes of lms provide high thickness accuracy without in situ feedback; (iv) the surface reaction ensures high conformability of the lm with the matrix, regardless of whether the substrate is dense, porous, tubular, powdered or other complex shapes; (v) ALD can deposit ultra-thin and dense layers less than 1 nm with good repeatability; (vi) the surface-controlled growth characteristics make it possible to expand the throughput by increasing the batch size and substrate area. 58,59 Besides ALD, the tape-casting technique was also employed to prepare a laminated micro-LIB jet with relatively thick lms (micro-scale). 60 The principle of tape-casting is that the crushed powders and organic plasticizer solution are mixed in an appropriate ratio to make a slurry with specic viscosity.…”

Section: Laminated Thin Lm Structurementioning

confidence: 99%