High power laser therapy treatment compared to simple segmental physical rehabilitation in whiplash injuries (1� and 2� grade of the Quebec Task Force classification) involving muscles and ligaments

The Beneficial Effects of High-Intensity Laser Therapy and Co-Interventions on Musculoskeletal Pain Management: A Systematic Review

“…Laser photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a non-invasive and painless method of treatment in contemporary physiotherapy which may have both local and systemic effects on the patients. [1][2][3][4] The effect of PBM on tissues depends on such factors as wavelength, irradiation mode (continuous or pulse), pulse duration, pulse time interval, energy fluence, power output and irradiance. 1 PBM stimulates cells including pain receptors in peripheral tissues, the immune system and can cause vasodilation and analgesic effects.…”

“…So it is widely used to reduce patients' pain. [1][2][3] Moreover, laser therapy can stimulate repairs to damaged tissues and peripheral nerves leading to neurological regeneration. 1,4,5 Low-power laser (light) therapy (power ≤ 500 mW) can be used to decrease acute and chronic pain, induce recovery of damaged nerves, enhance peripheral circulation and metabolism, and reduce joint inflammation.…”

“…1,4,5 Low-power laser (light) therapy (power ≤ 500 mW) can be used to decrease acute and chronic pain, induce recovery of damaged nerves, enhance peripheral circulation and metabolism, and reduce joint inflammation. 2,5,6 The effects of low-power laser therapy are photochemical not thermal. In a recent review, Cotler et al concluded that low-power laser therapy is a new cost-effective therapy for musculoskeletal pain, which improves the quality of life and reduces financial strains.…”

“…5 High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) has been used more recently in the therapeutic protocols of physiotherapy. 1,2,6 The main difference between HILT and low-power laser therapy, is that the more powerful beams (power >500 mW) are irradiated to penetrate deeper, bringing a desired high amount of multi-directional energy to deep tissues in a short time. 2,[6][7][8][9][10] Also, application techniques, the time of treatment and the cost of the device are different between these two generations of the laser therapy.…”

Ultrasonography for the assessment of the upper trapezius properties in healthy females: a reliability study

“…While, clinical assessment have been routinely used to diagnose muscle or Ultrasonography for the assessment of the upper trapezius properties in healthy females: a reliability study Original article @ C I C E d i z i o n i I n t e r n a z i o n a l i tendon lesions, imaging tools, such as ultrasound with 93% sensitivity in detection of location or severity of structural injuries have been reported to be more effective in the prediction of recovery time 8 . In other words, the need for more accurate evaluation of neck muscles due to the high probability of injury, lead to the development of imaging techniques 9 . In the last three decades, there have been lots of studies conducted by researchers in the field of musculoskeletal ultrasonography with the purpose of assessing behavior and morphometric parameters of muscle in clinical programs 10,11 .…”