High Power Refrigeration at Temperatures Around 2.0 K

Gistau-Baguer, G. M.

doi:10.1016/b978-008042688-4/50044-2

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…The usage of cold or mixed compression as suggested in[7] to pump on the helium at 11 mbar(a) is not an option, due to the low expected flow rates and the lack of commercial equipment in this capacity range 3. Solid thermal links have proved to be a limiting factor for the interferometer sensitivity in the past[11], requiring substantial efforts for noise attenuation.…”

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Conceptual layout of a helium cooling system for the Einstein Telescope

Busch

Grohmann

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a 3rd generation gravitational-wave detector planned in triangular shape with 10 km arm lengths in an underground installation at a depth of 200m to 300 m. While 2nd generation detectors and the ET high-frequency interferometer are operated at room-temperature, the ET low-frequency (LF) interferometer shall be operated at cryogenic mirror temperatures of 10K to 20K in order to reduce the thermal noise. Considering thermal dissipation limits in the heat extraction path from the mirror to the heat sink, He-II provides ultra-low-noise cooling to allow for an interferometer sensitivity at levels below 1 × 10−20 m/ Hz in the detection band. In order to limit particle adsorption on the cold mirror surface, the total pressure in the cryostat must be reduced to p ≤ 1 × 10−10 mbar, i.e. partial pressures of water and heavier components pi ≤ 1 × 10−14 mbar, respectively, using a cryopump/shield around the mirror that is cooled with supercritical helium to T ≈ 5K. We present the conceptual layout of a helium cooling system that can provide cooling power for several ET-LF cryostats and their corresponding cryotraps, including mirror cooling at 2K as well as thermal shielding at 5K and at 50K to 80K. A process flow diagram focuses on the cooling system’s key components with their locations and their interconnections. On the diagram’s basis, we explain the cooldown process and steady-state operation, ranging from outer shield and cryotrap cooling to the formation of He-II in the mirror heat extraction path.

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Conceptual layout of a helium cooling system for the Einstein Telescope

Busch

Grohmann

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Gas Leak Influence in a Cryogenic Scroll Pump for Superfluid Helium Refrigeration

Millet

D’Harboullé

Vallcorba

et al. 2000

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

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A High Reliability Gas-Driven Helium Cryogenic Centrifugal Compressor

Bonneton

Tavian

Gistau-Baguer

et al. 1998

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

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A helium cryogenic compressor was developed and tested in real conditions in 1996. The achieved objective was to compress 0.018 kg/s Helium at 4 K @ 1000 Pa (10 mbar) up to 3000 Pa (30 mbar). This project was an opportunity to develop and test an interesting new concept in view of future needs. The main features of this new specific technology are described. Particular attention is paid to the gas bearing supported rotor and to the pneumatic driver. Trade off between existing technologies and the present work are presented with special stress on the bearing system and the driver. The advantages are discussed, essentially focused on life time and high reliability without maintenance as well as non pollution characteristic. Practical operational modes are also described together with the experimental performances of the compressor. The article concludes with a brief outlook of future work. EUROPEAN ABSTRACTA helium cryogenic compressor was developed and tested in real conditions in 1996. The achieved objective was to compress 0.018 kg/s Helium at 4 K @ 1000 Pa (10 mbar) up to 3000 Pa (30 mbar). This project was an opportunity to develop and test an interesting new concept in view of future needs. The main features of this new specific technology are described. Particular attention is paid to the gas bearing supported rotor and to the pneumatic driver. Trade off between existing technologies and the present work are presented with special stress on the bearing system and the driver. The advantages are discussed, essentially focused on life time and high reliability without maintenance as well as non pollution characteristic. Practical operational modes are also described together with the experimental performances of the compressor. The article concludes with a brief outlook of future work.

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High Power Refrigeration at Temperatures Around 2.0 K

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Conceptual layout of a helium cooling system for the Einstein Telescope

Conceptual layout of a helium cooling system for the Einstein Telescope

Gas Leak Influence in a Cryogenic Scroll Pump for Superfluid Helium Refrigeration

A High Reliability Gas-Driven Helium Cryogenic Centrifugal Compressor

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