“…As a type of diffractive radiation, cSPr typically does not affect the beam's trajectory. This property makes cSPr suitable for developing diagnostic techniques that accurately measure the longitudinal profile of the beam, as it is less affected by external factors [9][10] . Benefiting from the high-gradient acceleration field provided by the 1.4-cell RF photocathode electron gun, the length of the electron bunch with high charge can be reduced to the femtosecond level.…”