High-power VCSELs: single devices and densely packed 2-D-arrays

Grabherr, M.; Miller, Michael; Jäger, R.; Michalzik, Rainer; Martin, Ulrich; Unold, H.J.; Ebeling, Karl Joachim

doi:10.1109/2944.788411

Cited by 136 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2(a)], but as the current increases the intensity becomes higher at the boundaries due to current crowding at the oxide aperture [14]. In spite of the large aperture, the device is still capable of lasing at low enough temperatures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VCSEL used for this experiment is fabricated by Ulm Photonics and similar to the ones described in more detail in Refs. [6,7,[12][13][14]. It is a large-aperture device, allowing for the formation of many transverse cavity modes of fairly high order, with a 200-μm-diameter circular oxide aperture providing optical and current guiding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a large-aperture device, allowing for the formation of many transverse cavity modes of fairly high order, with a 200-μm-diameter circular oxide aperture providing optical and current guiding. Emission takes place through the n-doped Bragg reflector and through a transparent substrate (a so-called bottom emitter [13,14]). The laser has an emission wavelength of about 975 nm at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of spatial emission structures in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback from a volume Bragg grating

Noblet¹,

Ackemann²

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/40327/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. We investigate the spatial and spectral properties of broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with frequency-selective feedback by a volume Bragg grating. We demonstrate wavelength locking similar to the case of edge emitters but the spatial mode selection is different from the latter. On-axis spatial solitons obtained at threshold give way to off-axis extended lasing states beyond threshold. The investigations focus on a self-imaging external cavity. We analyze how deviations from the self-imaging condition affect the pattern formation and a certain robustness of the phenomena is demonstrated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of spatial emission structures in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback from a volume Bragg grating

Noblet¹,

Ackemann²

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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“…These increased temperatures will inevitably modify the device waveguiding characteristics and resulting beam shape, and reduce the differential quantum efficiency and output power. Because the heat is primarily generated in the cavity and thin top p-DBR regions, mounting the p-side down on an effective heat sink will be beneficial, which has been proven in the large-aperture VCSEL and large spatially-incoherent 2-D VCSEL arrays [24].…”

Section: Thermal Effects On Array Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…CW output power from previously reported top-emitting structures was limited to 1-2 mW, partly due to the intensive heating resulting in output power saturation. Thus, a bottom-emitting design is essential to improve the efficiency and output power of large-number 2-D VCSEL arrays [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modal properties of two-dimensional antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays

Zhou

Mawst

Dai

2002

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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Abstract-We present a detailed analysis on 2-D (4 4 square-lattice) antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays based on the effective-index model. The calculation shows that the array can operate under 2-D resonant coupling, provided that the resonance condition in both the horizontal and vertical directions is satisfied. Consequently, the resonant-mode edge radiation loss is inversely proportional to the number of array elements along one direction for a array. Low-edge-loss out-of-phase and adjacent array modes are found to compete with the in-phase resonant mode. While the 3-D gain overlap is not a significant factor in modal discrimination, the introduction of inter-element loss allows the in-phase mode to exhibit the lowest threshold gain for a wide range of inter-element width, (1 0.5 m for 980-nm wavelength devices). The 2-D antiguided array results from shifting the cavity resonance between the element and inter-element regions and is fabricated by selective chemical etching and two-step metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth. Diffraction-limited in-phase and out-of-phase array mode operation is observed from top-emitting arrays, depending on the inter-element width. Substrate-emitting array structures are investigated as a means to lower heating and increase the coherent output power.

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Dynamics and Interaction of Laser Cavity Solitonsin Broad‐Area Semiconductor Lasers

Ackemann¹,

Jimenez

Noblet³

et al. 2015

Nonlinear Optical Cavity Dynamics

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High-power VCSELs: single devices and densely packed 2-D-arrays

Cited by 136 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of spatial emission structures in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback from a volume Bragg grating

Analysis of spatial emission structures in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with feedback from a volume Bragg grating

Modal properties of two-dimensional antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays

Dynamics and Interaction of Laser Cavity Solitonsin Broad‐Area Semiconductor Lasers

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